Thymic tumor (staging)

Last revised by Henry Knipe on 5 Jun 2023

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Luhar M, Knipe H, Thymic tumor (staging). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 13 May 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-168713

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-168713

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/168713

rID:

168713

Article created:

5 Jun 2023, Mohammed Saleem Luhar

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Mohammed Saleem Luhar had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Mohammed Saleem Luhar's current disclosures

Last revised:

5 Jun 2023, Henry Knipe ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Henry Knipe had the following disclosures:

Integral Diagnostics, Shareholder (ongoing)
Micro-X Ltd, Shareholder (ongoing)

These were assessed during peer review and were determined to not be relevant to the changes that were made.

View Henry Knipe's current disclosures

Revisions:

2 times, by 2 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Chest, Oncology

Sections:

Staging

Tags:

refs, cases, case3

The thymic tumor staging using the TNM staging system only applies to the epithelial types including thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus. It does not apply to thymic sarcoma, primary thymic lymphoma or other rare tumors.

This staging system is based upon recommendations from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Project and the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group (ITMIG)

Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0: no evidence of a primary tumor
T1: tumor encapsulated or extending into the mediastinal fat, may involve the mediastinal pleura.
- T1a: no mediastinal pleural involvement
- T1b: direct invasion of the mediastinal pleura
T2: tumor with direct involvement of the pericardium (partial or full thickness)
T3: tumor with direct invasion into any of the following; lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extra-pericardial pulmonary artery or vein.
T4: tumor with direct invasion into any of the following; aorta (ascending, arch or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, or esophagus

Regional lymph node (N)

The regional lymph nodes are the anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes, the deep intrathoracic lymph nodes and the cervical lymph nodes.

Nx: regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0: no regional lymph node metastasis
N1: metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes
N2: metastasis in deep intrathoracic or cervical lymph nodes

Distant metasisis (M)

M0: no pleural, pericardial or distant metastasis
M1: distant metastasis present
- M1a: separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s)
- M1b: distant metastasis beyond the pleura or pericardium