Urinary bladder diverticulum

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A urinary bladder diverticulum (plural: diverticula) is an outpouching from the bladder wall, whereby mucosa herniates through the bladder wall. It may be solitary or multiple in nature and can vary considerably in size.

Epidemiology

There are two peaks; one at 10 years and the other at 60-70 years ².

Pathology

Diverticula may be congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary) and a range of causes of urinary bladder diverticula are described.

Acquired diverticula are more common, usually occurring in the context of a trabeculated bladder, resulting from chronic bladder outlet obstruction.

Radiographic features

Diverticula are often an incidental finding on imaging investigations, including ultrasound, CT, MRI and IVU.

Treatment and prognosis

Complications

They may be associated with a range of complications due to stasis and low-grade infection including:

intradiverticular transitional cell carcinoma 1-10% ^5-7
bladder stones
bladder rupture

-<p>A <strong>urinary bladder diverticulum</strong> (plural: <a href="/articles/diverticulum">diverticula</a>) is an outpouching from the bladder wall, whereby mucosa herniates through the bladder wall. It may be solitary or multiple in nature and can vary considerably in size.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>There are two peaks; one at 10 years and the other at 60-70 years <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Diverticula may be congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary) and a range of <a href="/articles/urinary-bladder-diverticula-causes">causes of urinary bladder diverticula</a> are described.</p><p>Acquired diverticula are more common, usually occurring in the context of a trabeculated bladder, resulting from chronic <a href="/articles/bladder-outlet-obstruction">bladder outlet obstruction</a>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Diverticula are often an incidental finding on imaging investigations, including ultrasound, CT, MRI and IVU.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><p>They may be associated with a range of complications due to stasis and low-grade infection including:</p><ul>
~~-<li>intradiverticular <a href="/articles/transitional-cell-carcinoma-urinary-tract">transitional cell carcinoma</a> 1-10% <sup>5-7</sup>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/bladder-calculus-1">bladder stones</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/urinary-bladder-rupture">bladder rupture</a></li>~~
+<p>A <strong>urinary bladder diverticulum</strong> (plural: diverticula) is an outpouching from the bladder wall, whereby mucosa herniates through the bladder wall. It may be solitary or multiple in nature and can vary considerably in size.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>There are two peaks; one at 10 years and the other at 60-70 years <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Diverticula may be congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary) and a range of <a href="/articles/urinary-bladder-diverticula-causes">causes of urinary bladder diverticula</a> are described.</p><p>Acquired diverticula are more common, usually occurring in the context of a trabeculated bladder, resulting from chronic <a href="/articles/bladder-outlet-obstruction">bladder outlet obstruction</a>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Diverticula are often an incidental finding on imaging investigations, including ultrasound, CT, MRI and IVU.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><p>They may be associated with a range of complications due to stasis and low-grade infection including:</p><ul>
+<li><p>intradiverticular <a href="/articles/transitional-cell-carcinoma-urinary-tract">transitional cell carcinoma</a> 1-10% <sup>5-7</sup></p></li>
+<li><p><a href="/articles/bladder-calculus-1">bladder stones</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a href="/articles/urinary-bladder-trauma">bladder rupture</a></p></li>

References changed:

1. Berrocal T, López-Pereira P, Arjonilla A, Gutiérrez J. Anomalies of the Distal Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra in Children: Embryologic, Radiologic, and Pathologic Features. Radiographics. 2002;22(5):1139-64. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.22.5.g02se101139">doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.5.g02se101139</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12235344">Pubmed</a>
2. Erich Lang. Radiology of the Lower Urinary Tract. (2011) ISBN: 9783642844331 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9783642844331">Google Books</a>
4. Walker N, Gan C, Olsburgh J, Khan M. Diagnosis and Management of Intradiverticular Bladder Tumours. Nat Rev Urol. 2014;11(7):383-90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2014.131">doi:10.1038/nrurol.2014.131</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24934450">Pubmed</a>
5. Melekos M, Asbach H, Barbalias G. Vesical Diverticula: Etiology, Diagnosis, Tumorigenesis, and Treatment. Urology. 1987;30(5):453-7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(87)90378-5">doi:10.1016/0090-4295(87)90378-5</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3118548">Pubmed</a>
6. Matta E, Kenney A, Barré G, Vanlangendonck R. Intradiverticular Bladder Carcinoma. Radiographics. 2005;25(5):1397-403. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.255045205">doi:10.1148/rg.255045205</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16160118">Pubmed</a>
7. Golijanin D, Yossepowitch O, Beck S, Sogani P, Dalbagni G. Carcinoma in a Bladder Diverticulum: Presentation and Treatment Outcome. J Urol. 2003;170(5):1761-4. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000091800.15071.52">doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000091800.15071.52</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14532771">Pubmed</a>
3. Shailendra Chopra. Genitourinary Imaging. (2011) ISBN: 9781604063240 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9781604063240">Google Books</a>
1. Berrocal T, López-Pereira P, Arjonilla A, Gutiérrez J. Anomalies of the Distal Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra in Children: Embryologic, Radiologic, and Pathologic Features. Radiographics. 2002;22(5):1139-64. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.22.5.g02se101139">doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.5.g02se101139</a>
2. erich lang. Radiology of the Lower Urinary Tract. (2011) ISBN: 3642844332
4. Walker N, Gan C, Olsburgh J, Khan M. Diagnosis and Management of Intradiverticular Bladder Tumours. Nat Rev Urol. 2014;11(7):383-90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2014.131">doi:10.1038/nrurol.2014.131</a>
5. Melekos M, Asbach H, Barbalias G. Vesical Diverticula: Etiology, Diagnosis, Tumorigenesis, and Treatment. Analysis of 74 Cases. Urology. 1987;30(5):453-7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(87)90378-5">doi:10.1016/0090-4295(87)90378-5</a>
6. Matta E, Kenney A, Barré G, Vanlangendonck R. Intradiverticular Bladder Carcinoma. Radiographics. 2005;25(5):1397-403. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.255045205">doi:10.1148/rg.255045205</a>
7. Golijanin D, Yossepowitch O, Beck S, Sogani P, Dalbagni G. Carcinoma in a Bladder Diverticulum: Presentation and Treatment Outcome. J Urol. 2003;170(5):1761-4. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000091800.15071.52">doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000091800.15071.52</a>
3. Chopra S. Genitourinary Imaging (Radcase). TNY. ISBN:B005WJJLIG. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBNB005WJJLIG">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B005WJJLIG">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>

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Urinary bladder diverticuli

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