Usual ductal hyperplasia, also known as epithelial hyperplasia, is a benign proliferation of normal cells in breast ducts and lobules.
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Epidemiology
The mean age of patients with epithelial hyperplasia is 54 years 1.
Clinical presentation
Epithelial hyperplasia is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on biopsy.
Pathology
Microscopic appearance
breast ducts and lobules usually lined by a single outer layer of myoepithelial cells and a single inner layer of epithelial/luminal cells
in usual ductal hyperplasia, there are an increased number of myoepithelial and luminal cell types that fill and distend ducts and lobules 2
no epithelial cell atypia
Radiographic features
No specific imaging findings.
Treatment and prognosis
No treatment is required. Usual ductal hyperplasia confers a 1.5-2x increased risk for subsequent breast cancer 1, 3, which may be slightly higher in those with a family history of breast cancer 4.