Vulval cancer (staging)
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Vulval cancer (staging(FIGO staging)
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Staging of vulval cancer is the FIGO staging system and1 and is as follows (direct quote from the last revision of 2009)1:
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stage 0Stage I: carcinomain situ(pre-invasive); correspondsTisthe vulva- IA Lesions ≤2 cm in size, confined to the vulva or perineum and with stromal invasion ≤1.0 mm*, no nodal metastasis
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stage IIB: tumour <2Lesions N2 cm(greatest dimension) andin size or with stromal invasion N1.0 mm*, confined to the vulva/perineum; corresponds to T1stage Ia: stromal invasion by <1 mm-
Stage Ib: stromal invasion by >1 mmor perineum, with negative nodes
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stageStage II: tumours >2 cm but confined to vulva; corresponds to T2 -
stage III:Tumor of any size withinvasion ofextension to adjacent perineal structures (1/3 lower urethra, 1/3 lower vagina,perineum, anus; corresponds to T3anus) with negative nodes -
stage IVStage III: bladder/rectal invasion, fixationTumor of any size with or without extension tobone and/or metastasesadjacent perineal structures (1/3 lower urethra, 1/3 lower vagina, anus) with positive inguino-femoral lymph nodes-
stage IVaIIIA(i): invasion of bladderWith 1 lymph node metastasis (≥5 mm),upper urethra and rectal mucosa and/or fixation to bone; corresponds to T4or- (ii) 1–2 lymph node metastasis(es) (b5 mm)
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stage IVbIIIB(i):With 2 or more lymph node metastases (≥5 mm), or- (ii) 3 or more lymph node metastases (b5 mm)
- IIIC With positive nodes with extracapsular spread
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Stage IV Tumor invades other regional (2/3 upper urethra, 2/3 upper vagina), or distant
metastasesstructures- IVA Tumor invades any of the following:
- (i) upper urethral and/or vaginal mucosa, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone, or
- (ii) fixed or ulcerated inguino-femoral lymph nodes
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IVB Any distant metastasis including pelvic lymph
node metastasesnodes
- IVA Tumor invades any of the following:
*The depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelialstromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion.
See also
-<p><strong>Staging of vulval cancer</strong> is the FIGO staging system and is as follows:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Staging of vulval cancer</strong> is the FIGO staging system<sup>1</sup> and is as follows (direct quote from the last revision of 2009)<sup>1</sup>:</p><ul>
-<strong>stage 0</strong>: carcinoma <em>in situ</em> (pre-invasive); corresponds to Tis</li>- +<strong>Stage I </strong>Tumor confined to the vulva<ul>
-<strong>stage I</strong>: tumour <2 cm (greatest dimension) and confined to vulva/perineum; corresponds to T1<ul>- +<strong>IA </strong>Lesions ≤2 cm in size, confined to the vulva or perineum and with stromal invasion ≤1.0 mm*, no nodal metastasis</li>
-<strong>stage Ia</strong>: stromal invasion by <1 mm</li>- +<strong>IB </strong>Lesions N2 cm in size or with stromal invasion N1.0 mm*, confined to the vulva or perineum, with negative nodes</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>Stage II</strong> Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (1/3 lower urethra, 1/3 lower vagina, anus) with negative nodes</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>Stage III</strong> Tumor of any size with or without extension to adjacent perineal structures (1/3 lower urethra, 1/3 lower vagina, anus) with positive inguino-femoral lymph nodes<ul>
- +<li>
- +<strong>IIIA</strong> <strong>(i)</strong> With 1 lymph node metastasis (≥5 mm), or<ul><li>
- +<strong>(ii) </strong>1–2 lymph node metastasis(es) (b5 mm)</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>IIIB</strong> <strong>(i)</strong> With 2 or more lymph node metastases (≥5 mm), or<ul><li>
- +<strong>(ii)</strong> 3 or more lymph node metastases (b5 mm)</li></ul>
- +</li>
-<strong>Stage Ib</strong>: stromal invasion by >1 mm</li>- +<strong>IIIC</strong> With positive nodes with extracapsular spread</li>
-<strong>stage II</strong>: tumours >2 cm but confined to vulva; corresponds to T2</li>- +<strong>Stage IV </strong>Tumor invades other regional (2/3 upper urethra, 2/3 upper vagina), or distant structures<ul>
-<strong>stage III</strong>: any size with invasion of lower urethra, vagina, perineum, anus; corresponds to T3</li>- +<strong>IVA</strong> Tumor invades any of the following:<ul>
-<strong>stage IV</strong>: bladder/rectal invasion, fixation to bone and/or metastases<ul>- +<strong>(i)</strong> upper urethral and/or vaginal mucosa, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone, or</li>
-<strong>stage IVa</strong>: invasion of bladder, upper urethra and rectal mucosa and/or fixation to bone; corresponds to T4</li>- +<strong>(ii) </strong>fixed or ulcerated inguino-femoral lymph nodes</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
-<strong>stage IVb</strong>: distant metastases including pelvic lymph node metastases</li>- +<strong>IVB</strong> Any distant metastasis including pelvic lymph nodes</li>
-</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul>- +</ul><p> </p><p><em>*The depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelialstromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion.</em></p><p> </p><h4> </h4><h4>See also</h4><ul>
References changed:
- 1. FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and corpus uteri. (2014) International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 125 (2): 97. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.02.003">doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.02.003</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 1. Greene FL, Cancer AJ, Society AC. AJCC cancer staging handbook, from the AJCC cancer staging manual. Springer Verlag. (2002) ISBN:0387952705. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0387952705">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0387952705?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0387952705">Find it at Amazon</a><div class="ref_v2"></div>
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