West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament
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Title
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West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)
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The West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) was created for describing anterior and posteriorto describe avulsion injuries to of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL).
Classification
In thisThis classification, there are has six types of lesions brokendivided into two categories dependingbased on the direction of instability.
Classification
Based on 3 factors:
Anterioranterior orPosterior-
, presence or absence of
Bony Avulsionbony avulsion, and presence or absence of labrocapsular detachment creating a "floating" IGHL 1-3:anterior HAGL (most common 3)
presence of associated labral pathology (Floating)
Anterior
Anterioranterior bony HAGLAnterior Bonyfloating anterior IGHLposterior HAGL
Floating AIGHL
Posterior
Posteriorposterior bony HAGLPosterior Bony HAGLFloating PIGHLfloating posterior IGHL
History and etymology
The West Point classification was createdpublished by Bui-Mansfield et al. in 2007 3.
-<p><strong>West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)</strong> was created for describing anterior and posterior injuries to the <a href="/articles/inferior-glenohumeral-ligament">inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)</a>.</p><p>In this classification, there are six types of lesions broken into two categories depending on the direction of instability.</p><h4>Classification</h4><p>Based on 3 factors:</p><ol>-<li><p><strong>Anterior </strong>or <strong>Posterior</strong> involvement</p></li>-<li><p>presence or absence of Bony Avulsion</p></li>-<li><p>presence of associated labral pathology (Floating)</p></li>-</ol><h6><strong>Anterior</strong></h6><ul>-<li><p>Anterior HAGL</p></li>-<li><p>Anterior Bony HAGL</p></li>-<li><p>Floating AIGHL</p></li>-</ul><h6><strong>Posterior</strong></h6><ul>-<li><p>Posterior HAGL</p></li>-<li><p>Posterior Bony HAGL</p></li>-<li><p>Floating PIGHL</p></li>-</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>West Point classification was created by <strong>Bui-Mansfield et al. </strong>in 2007 <sup>3</sup>.</p>- +<p>The <strong>West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)</strong> was created to describe <a href="/articles/humeral-avulsion-of-the-glenohumeral-ligament" title="Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament">avulsion injuries</a> of the <a href="/articles/inferior-glenohumeral-ligament">inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)</a>.</p><h4>Classification</h4><p>This classification has six types of lesions divided into two categories based on anterior or posterior involvement, presence or absence of bony avulsion, and presence or absence of labrocapsular detachment creating a "floating" IGHL <sup>1-3</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li><p>anterior HAGL (most common <sup>3</sup>)</p></li>
- +<li><p>anterior bony HAGL</p></li>
- +<li><p>floating anterior IGHL</p></li>
- +<li><p>posterior HAGL</p></li>
- +<li><p>posterior bony HAGL</p></li>
- +<li><p>floating posterior IGHL</p></li>
- +</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>The West Point classification was published by <strong>Bui-Mansfield </strong>et al. in 2007 <sup>3</sup>.</p>
References changed:
- 1. Maalouly J, Aouad D, Ayoubi R, Dib N, El Rassi G. Posterior Shoulder Instability Due to Isolated Reverse HAGL Lesion in a Young Gymnast: A Rare Mechanism of Injury and Surgical Technique. Trauma Case Rep. 2020;28:100312. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100312">doi:10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100312</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637532">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Bui-Mansfield L, Banks K, Taylor D. Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligaments: The HAGL Lesion. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(11):1960-6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507301081">doi:10.1177/0363546507301081</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420506">Pubmed</a>
- 1. Maalouly J, Aouad D, Ayoubi R, Dib N, El Rassi G. Posterior Shoulder Instability Due to Isolated Reverse HAGL Lesion in a Young Gymnast: A Rare Mechanism of Injury and Surgical Technique. Trauma Case Reports. 2020;28:100312. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100312">doi:10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100312</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637532">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Bui-Mansfield L, Banks K, Taylor D. Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligaments. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(11):1960-6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507301081">doi:10.1177/0363546507301081</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420506">Pubmed</a>
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