Multiple cerebral emboli from caseous necrosis of the mitral annulus calcification
Presentation
Dizziness, ataxia and difficulty walking
Patient Data
Note: This case has been tagged as "legacy" as it no longer meets image preparation and/or other case publication guidelines. Images should be presented as scrollable stacks.
Brain
The CT on the left is 18 months after the right.
Can you see the tiny new fleck of calcium on the left side of brain?
There is another fleck of calcium in right frontal lobe. Which was seen 18 months before also.
Chest
Incidentally seen is mitral valve annulus calcification. Tortuous descending thoracic aorta.
Echocardiography
A mass described below: possible etiologies include extension of ectopic calcification from significant mitral annular calcification (MAC), other possibilities include calcified myxoma or other tumors. The mass appears to have a mobile surface component noted.
Cardiac MRI
A low signal is seen in the mitral annulus suggestive of mitral annular calcification. There is a small mass 5 x 7 mm arising from the posterior part of the mitral annular calcification on the atrial side and has mild mobility. These findings are correlated with transesophageal echocardiogram findings of significant mitral annular calcification with a mobile component seen on the transesophageal echocardiogram. MRI is not best for evaluation of calcification.
3D heart and SSFP sequences obtained.
Brain
Since the most recent examination, there are now multiple supra and infratentorial punctate areas of abnormal diffusion restriction consistent with lacunar infarcts. The cerebellar hemispheres are predominantly involved right more than left with a focal lesion that appears more chronic in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. Small focal lesions are seen within the left occipital lobe, left basal ganglia, head of the caudate nucleus, tiny ones in the bilateral frontal orbital gyri, right basal ganglia and right temporal lobe (region of the amygdala, anterior temporal pole and right frontal opercular region).
An old right cerebellar infarct is again identified with unchanged gliotic appearances of the subjacent white matter.
There is again very extensive focal and confluent hyperintensity within the corona radiata with extension into the centrum semiovale consistent with microvascular ischemic changes with involvement now of the splenium of the corpus callosum but without diffusion restriction.
Case Discussion
The MRI showed embolic strokes. So search for central or cardiac source was performed. Transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, then finally a cardiac MRI to determine the source of emboli.
Based on multiple imaging modalities the source of central embolic stroke is caseous necrosis of mitral valve annular calcifications causing multiple embolic strokes.