Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
79 results found
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Apophysis of the proximal 5th metatarsal
The apophysis of the proximal 5th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.
Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal bas...
Article
Heterotaxy syndrome
Heterotaxy syndromes refer to abnormal left/right distribution of thoracic and abdominal organs that is neither situs solitus nor situs inversus. They are frequently associated with congenital heart disease and other visceral abnormalities.
Terminology
Isomerism implies mirrored organs, and ca...
Article
Crista galli
The crista galli is a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa. It separates the olfactory bulbs, which lie on either side of it in the olfactory fossae of the cribriform plate. It serves as an ant...
Article
Wolffian duct
The Wolffian duct (also known as the mesonephric duct) is one of the paired embryogenic tubules that drain the primitive kidney (mesonephros) to the cloaca. It also gives off a lateral branch forming the ureteric bud. In both the male and the female, the Wolffian duct develops into the trigone o...
Article
Mendosal suture
The mendosal suture, also known as the accessory occipital suture, is a normal calvarial suture.
Gross anatomy
The suture extends through the occipital bone, lying superior to the occipitomastoid suture and inferomedial to the lambdoid suture. It closes in utero or in the first few days of lif...
Article
Spleen size (pediatric)
The spleen size varies with a child's age.
The three numbers below represent the 10th percentile, median, and 90th percentile for the long axis of the spleen (cm) 1-3:
0-3 months: (3.3, 4.5, 5.8 cm)
3-6 months: (4.9, 5.3, 6.4 cm)
6-12 months: (5.2, 6.2, 6.8 cm)
1-2 years: (5.4, 6.9, 7.5 cm)...
Article
Neurenteric canal of Kovalevsky
The neurenteric canal or canal of Kovalevsky is the transient communication of the amnion through notochordal canal to the yolk sac during notochordal formation at day 16-17.
Abnormalities during this stage produce the neurenteric cyst spectrum.
Article
Umbilical cord
The umbilical cord is a fetal organ that connects the placenta to the developing fetus and is a vital passage for nutrients, oxygen and waste products to and from the fetus.
Gross anatomy
The umbilical cord inserts into the center of the placental bulk and into the fetus at the umbilicus. Vari...
Article
Asplenia
Asplenia refers to absence of the spleen thereby leading to deficient splenic function.
Epidemiology
Seen in 3% of neonates with structural heart disease and in 30% of patients who die from cardiac malposition. The male-to-female ratio is 2:1.
Associations
heterotaxy
isomerism
congenital h...
Article
Ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosum (DA) (or arteriosus) is the thick short conduit for blood to bypass the non-ventilated lungs in the fetus. It is located between and connects the proximal left pulmonary artery and the undersurface of the aortic arch distal to the origin of the last branch of the arch, at t...
Article
Orthoroentgenogram
Orthoroentgenogram is a radiographic study used to evaluate anatomic leg length and calculate leg-length discrepancies. This study utilizes a long ruler placed on the film, and three radiographs including bilateral hips, knees and ankles.
Similar studies used to evaluate true leg length include...
Article
Patent urachus
A patent urachus is one of the spectrum of congenital urachal anomalies. It has occasionally been termed "urachal fistula".
Clinical presentation
A patent urachus is often diagnosed in neonates when urine is noted leaking from the umbilicus. The umbilicus may also have an abnormal appearance o...
Article
Canal of Nuck
The canal of Nuck is an abnormal patent pouch of parietal peritoneum extending anteriorly from the round ligament of the uterus into the labia majora through the inguinal ring into the inguinal canal. Incomplete obliteration of this canal is known as a patent processus vaginalis and can result i...
Article
Urethral duplication
Urethral duplication is a rare condition in which either a part of the entire urethra is duplicated. It usually occurs in the sagittal plane, and the more dorsal copy is usually the duplication.
Pathology
Urethral duplications may occur due to a variety of developmental anomalies. In females, ...
Article
Ligamentum venosum
The ligamentum venosum is a fibrous remnant which travels superiorly from the porta hepatis of the liver to the inferior vena cava. It is often obliterated in adults.
In the fetus, it is patent and known as the ductus venosus which shunts blood returning from the placenta in the umbilical vein...
Article
Caudothalamic groove
The caudothalamic groove is an important landmark when performing neonatal cranial ultrasound.
Gross anatomy
As the name suggests, it is located between the caudate nucleus and thalamus and is a shallow groove projecting from the floor of the lateral ventricle. It is approximately at the level...
Article
Anatomy curriculum
The anatomy curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core anatomy knowledge for radiologists and imaging specialists.
General anatomy
Neuroanatomy
Head and neck anatomy
Thoracic anatomy
Abdominal and pelvic anatomy
Spinal anat...
Article
Kump's bump
Kump's bump, also known as the Kump hump, is a superior convexity of the growth plate located in the anteromedial quadrant of the distal tibia physis, which is the first site of physeal fusion. Closure usually occurs at about 12-13 years of age. The Kump's bump should not to be mistaken for a fr...
Article
Situs solitus
Situs solitus (rare plural: sitūs soliti) refers to the normal position of the thoracic and abdominal organs. This will include a left-sided heart, also known as levocardia.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
On plain radiograph, careful attention should be directed at the location of the...
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