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ASCOD classification (ischemic stroke)

The ASCOD classification system 1, published in 2013, aims to define phenotypes of ischemic strokes for individual patients by assigning a degree of probability to each of the most common causes of this pathology. It serves most strictly as a research tool but is also useful clinically as a mne...

Koos grading scale

The Koos grading scale 1 is frequently used as a classification system for vestibular schwannomas. Classification grade 1: small intracanalicular tumor grade 2: small tumor with protrusion into the cerebellopontine cistern (CPA); no contact with the brainstem grade 3: tumor occupying the cer...

Blumcke classification of focal cortical dysplasia

Blumcke et al. proposed (2011) 2 the widely adopted consensus classification system for focal cortical dysplasia, which shares many features with the previously described classification systems by Palmini (2004) and Barkovich (2005). Unfortunately, as is the case with many classification syst...

Simpson grade

The Simpson grade of meningioma resection was described in 1957 and correlated the degree of surgical resection completeness with symptomatic recurrence 1. grade I complete removal including resection of the underlying bone and associated dura 9% symptomatic recurrence at 10 years grade II ...

Epidural spinal cord compression scale

The epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) scale, sometimes known eponymously as the Bilsky scale, is used to assess the degree to which vertebral body metastasis compromises the spinal canal and whether cord compression is present. It may serve as a guide as to when intervention (radiotherapy ...

Classification system for midline abnormalities of the brain and skull

Classification systems for midline abnormalities of the brain and skull are varied and constantly changing as the underlying embryology and genetics are uncovered. Classification A relatively simple and robust classification system is based on the location of abnormalities, proposed by Nuñez ...

Classification system for malformations of the cerebellum

Classification systems for malformations of the cerebellum are varied and are constantly being revised as a greater understanding of the underlying genetics and embryology of the disorders is uncovered. Classification A classification proposed by Barkovich et al. in 2009 1 divides cerebellar ...

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (grading)

Grading of germinal matrix hemorrhage has taken several forms over the years. The most commonly used system is the sonographic grading system proposed by Burstein, Papile, et al. Classification grade I restricted to subependymal region/germinal matrix which is seen in the caudothalamic groov...

Diffuse axonal injury (grading)

Grading of diffuse axonal injury due to trauma is described according to the anatomic distribution of injury. Contrary to the implication of the word "diffuse," diffuse axonal injury has a topological predilection for focal involvement of certain sites in the brain. These sites, in turn, vary in...

Modified Memphis criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury

The modified Memphis criteria are a set of screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in trauma. The presence of one or more of these criteria makes necessary a complementary CTA or DSA study to exclude a BCVI. The screening protocol criteria for BCVI are: base of skull fractur...

Barkovich classification of focal cortical dysplasia (historical)

Barkovich classifies focal cortical dysplasias, among his extensive classification system for malformations of cortical development, distributing them as follows: type I and type IIb (transcortical dysplasia - Taylor type with balloon cells) as non-neoplastic malformations due to abnormal neuro...

Palmini classification of focal cortical dysplasia (historical)

Palmini classification of focal cortical dysplasia published in 2004 was one of the leading classification systems used for focal cortical dysplasia, recently replaced by the Blumcke classification of focal cortical dysplasia. Unfortunately, as is the case with many classification systems that...

Grades of periventricular leukomalacia

One of the methods used for grading periventricular leukomalacia on sonographic appearance is as follows 1: grade 1: areas of increased periventricular echogenicity without any cyst formation persisting for more than 7 days grade 2: the echogenicity has developed into small periventricular cys...

Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury

The Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury is a classification aimed at improving prognostic evaluation of patients admitted with moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries. It was published in 2006 1 and is gaining in popularity. Along with the Marshall classification system, at the ti...

Fazekas scale for white matter lesions

The Fazekas scale is used to simply quantify the amount of white matter T2 hyperintense lesions usually attributed to chronic small vessel ischemia, although clearly, not all such lesions are due to this. This classification was proposed by Fazekas et al. in 1987 1 and remains a very widely use...

Modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score

The modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score was developed from the original thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scale by a consensus group in 2013 1. The recommendations included a name change to better reflect the increasing use of endovascular clot retrieval for ischemic...

Callen MS-ADEM criteria

The Callen MS-ADEM criteria can be useful in differentiating between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in children, as the first attack of immune-mediated demyelination is a frequent diagnostic challenge. Usage The Callen MS-ADEM criteria compare well agai...

Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center score

The Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC) score is a classification system for grading acute traumatic spinal cord injury based on the axial extent of intramedullary signal abnormality on T2 weighted MRI. Classification The BASIC score is an ordinal scale that is graded 0 to 4 1: BASIC 0 (no...

Knosp classification of cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary macroadenomas

The Knosp classification is one of the more commonly used systems to determine the likelihood of cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary macroadenomas. Usage By stratifying the likelihood of cavernous sinus invasion, the Knosp classification is important in operative planning, and predicting res...

Zurich pituitary score

The Zurich pituitary score is a quantitative classification of pituitary adenomas based on coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with contrast, although the score can also be obtained with computed tomography. The Zurich pituitary score is based on the ratio between the horizontal tumo...

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