Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
37 results found
Article
Brasfield scoring system
The Brasfield scoring system is a scoring system for patients with cystic fibrosis based on scoring conventional chest radiograph findings 1. It has good correlation with pulmonary function 2.
Points are assigned in five categories:
Air trapping (0-4)
Definition: generalized pulmonary overdis...
Article
Stoma
A stoma (plural stomata) is defined as an artificially created connection between two hollow organs or a hollow organ and the skin. A surgical procedure that involves the creation of a stoma carries the suffix "-ostomy".
For a discussion of imaging features and potential complications, please r...
Article
Pulmonary nodule
Pulmonary nodules are small, rounded opacities within the pulmonary interstitium. Pulmonary nodules are common and, as the spatial resolution of CT scanners has increased, detection of smaller and smaller nodules has occurred, which are more often an incidental finding.
Classification
Pulmonar...
Article
Diagnostic HRCT criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern - ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT (2018)
As a part of international evidence-based guidelines adopted by a collaborative effort of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS), and the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT), specific diagnostic HRCT criteria for...
Article
Cauldwell classification
Cauldwell classification is a commonly used classification 4 in assessing bronchial artery branching patterns.
Classification
The bronchial artery branching pattern is classified into four types based on the number of intercostobronchial trunks (ICBT) - that give rise to the right bronchial ar...
Article
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the second most common morphological and pathological pattern of interstitial lung diseases. The recognition of this pattern has important implications for prognosis and treatment. Patients are typically younger compared to those with UIP pattern fib...
Article
AAST injury scoring scales
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury scoring scales are the most widely accepted and used system of classifying and categorizing traumatic injuries. Injury grade reflects severity, guides management, and aids in prognosis. 32 different injury scores are available (c. ...
Article
Stanford classification of aortic dissection
The Stanford classification, along with the DeBakey classification, is used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management 7.
Both the Stanford and DeBakey systems can be used to describe all forms of an acute aortic s...
Article
DeBakey classification
The DeBakey classification, along with the Stanford classification, is used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management.
Both the Stanford and DeBakey systems can be used to describe all forms of the acute aortic sy...
Article
Pediatric mediastinal masses
Pediatric mediastinal masses are the most common chest masses in children, with the anterior mediastinum being the most common site 1.
As in adults, mediastinal masses are classified depending on anatomical sites:
anterior mediastinal masses
middle mediastinal masses
posterior mediastinal ma...
Article
Lung-RADS
Lung-RADS (Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System), is a classification proposed to aid with findings in low-dose CT screening exams for lung cancer. The goal of the classification system is to standardize follow-up and management decisions. The system is similar to the Fleischner criteria but d...
Article
Macrocystic honeycombing
Macrocystic honeycombing refers to a morphological subtype of honeycombing seen on HRCT. Many authors consider that the individual lung cysts should be >4 mm in diameter to be classified as macrocystic honeycombing. This form is considered to be more commonly associated with usual interstitial p...
Article
Congenital cardiovascular anomalies
Congenital cardiovascular anomalies are relatively common, with an incidence of up to 1% if small muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are included. As a group, there is a much greater frequency in syndromic infants and in those that are stillborn.
Epidemiology
In a large study in the U...
Article
Ichikado CT scoring of acute respiratory distress syndrome
CT scoring systems have been proposed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to predict clinical outcomes. This scoring system was established by Ichikado et al. in 2006 2 and at the time of writing (July 2016), this is the most widely used CT scoring system.
Classification...
Article
Pulmonary artery stenosis types
Pulmonary artery stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk and can be classified into several types 1,2:
type I: involving the main pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk)
type II: involving bifurcation
type III: multiple peripheral stenoses
type IV: central and pe...
Article
Disseminated histoplasmosis
Disseminated histoplasmosis, also known as progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, is a severe form of histoplasmosis infection typically seen in immunosuppressed patients, especially in the setting of HIV infection. It results from hematogenous dissemination of the infection, involving multipl...
Article
Esophageal atresia (classification)
Esophageal atresia is closely related to tracheo-esophageal fistula and can be divided into1:
type A: isolated esophageal atresia (8%)
type B: proximal fistula with distal atresia (1%)
type C: proximal atresia with distal fistula (85%)
type D: double fistula with intervening...
Article
Thoracic sarcoidosis (staging)
Thoracic sarcoidosis can be staged on a chest radiograph with implications for prognosis although HRCT and FDG-PET provide more information to help guide treatment.
Usage
Chest radiographs have been the mainstay of staging thoracic sarcoidosis for many decades with fair interobserver concord...
Article
WHO classification of thymic tumors
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the thymus is a component of the WHO classification of thoracic tumors, which was published in its 5th edition in 2021 1. It is a pathological classification of thymic epithelial tumors, including thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and ne...
Article
Penetration-aspiration scale
The penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) is a means of grading the severity of penetration or aspiration observed in a videofluoroscopic swallow study and is widely used 2.
The term aspiration is used for material that passes inferior to the level of the vocal folds. If material enters the larynx...
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