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Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

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2001 WHO classification of hepatic hydatid cysts

The 2001 World Health Organizatiοn (WHO) classification of hepatic hydatid cysts is used to assess the stage of hepatic hydatid cysts on ultrasound and is useful in deciding the appropriate management depending on the stage of the cyst. This classification was proposed by the WHO in 2001 and, at...

5-tier ACR system of radiologic breast findings (historical)

The 5-tier ACR system was a previously used system for the classification of radiologic breast findings, proposed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) ref. It is no longer in use having been superseded by the 6-tier BI-RADS classification system first published in 1992 1. Classification ...

AAST injury scoring scales

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury scoring scales are the most widely accepted and used system of classifying and categorizing traumatic injuries. Injury grade reflects severity, guides management, and aids in prognosis. 32 different injury scores are available (c. ...

AAST kidney injury scale

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury scale, most recently updated in 2018, is the most widely used grading system for renal trauma. The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for viscera...

AAST liver injury scale

The AAST (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma) liver injury scale, revised in 2018, is the most widely used liver injury grading system 3. The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for visceral injury 3. Cla...

AAST spleen injury scale

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) splenic injury scale, revised in 2018, is the most widely used grading system for splenic trauma. The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for visceral injury 4...

ABC/2

ABC/2, also confusingly written as 1/2ABC in some literature, is a fast and simple method for estimating the volume of intracerebral hemorrhage (or any other ellipsoid lesion for that matter) which does not require volumetric 3D analysis or software. Intracerebral hemorrhage volume is an import...

Aberrations in the normal development and involution of the breast

Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution (ANDI) of the breast is an overarching term used to describe a wide spectrum of benign breast disease. As the name suggests, it is based on the theory that most of the encountered benign breast disorders are aberrations in the normal developme...

ACC/AHA classification of coronary lesions

ACC/AHA classification of coronary lesions is a system used to classify coronary arterial calcific plaque burden. It is classified as type A discrete (<10 mm) concentric nonangulated segment <45º smooth contour little or no calcification less than totally occlusive not ostial in locatio...

ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS)

ACR TI-RADS is a reporting system for thyroid nodules on ultrasound proposed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) 1. This uses a standardized scoring system for reports providing users with recommendations for when to use fine needle aspiration (FNA) or ultrasound follow-up of suspicious ...

Agatston score

Agatston score is a semi-automated tool to calculate a score based on the extent of coronary artery calcification detected by an unenhanced low-dose CT scan, which is routinely performed in patients undergoing cardiac CT. Due to an extensive body of research, it allows for early risk stratificat...

Ahlbäck classification of knee osteoarthritis

The Ahlbäck classification is one of many ways to grade knee osteoarthritis. Usage The Ahlbäck classification is in common use (c. 2012) in both clinical and research settings 2. Classification grade 1: joint space narrowing (<3 mm) grade 2: joint space obliteration grade 3: minor bone at...

Alberta stroke programme early CT score (ASPECTS)

The Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) 1 is a 10-point quantitative topographic CT scan score used for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke patients. It has also been adjusted for the posterior circulation (see below). Scoring system Segmental estimation of the middle cerebral art...

Allen and Ferguson classification of subaxial cervical spine injuries

Allen and Ferguson classification is used for research purposes to classify subaxial spine injuries and is based purely on the mechanism of injury and position of the neck during injury. This classification was proposed by Allen and Ferguson in 1982 1 and at the time of writing (February 2024)...

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification of periprosthetic hip fractures

The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification of periprosthetic hip fractures divides the femur into three separate regions: level I: proximal femur distally to the lower extent of the lesser trochanter level II: 10 cm of femur distal to level I level III: femur distal to level...

Amsterdam criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

The Amsterdam criteria, also known as the ICG–HNPCC criteria, were established for the selection of families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) for research but are not exclusionary for the diagnosis of HNPCC 5. Usage Amsterdam criteria were first established in 1990 and r...

Anatomic classification of congenital limb deficiencies

The anatomic classification of congenital limb deficiencies is used to classify limb deficiencies. The anatomic classification is proposed to systematically classify all congenital limb reduction defects and avoid terminology that can be considered imprecise or derogatory 1. This system is cur...

Anderson and D'Alonzo classification of odontoid process fracture

The Anderson and D'Alonzo classification is the most commonly used classification of fractures of the odontoid process of C2 1. Another classification system is the Roy-Camille classification, which aids more in the management of odontoid fractures. Classification type I rare fracture of th...

Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures

The Anderson and Montesano classification is a widely used system for describing occipital condyle fractures. It divides injuries into three types based on morphology and mechanism of injury 1-5. Classification type I: impacted type occipital condyle fracture morphology: comminution of the co...

Anectasis

Anectasis is a term that describes primary atelectasis, as distinct from secondary atelectasis. Anectasis refers to the failure of the lung to expand fully at birth. See also atelectasis

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