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Cystic lesions of the pancreas (differential)

The differential for cystic lesions of the pancreas includes: unilocular pancreatic pseudocyst intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) serous cystadenoma uncommonly uni/macrolocular simple pancreatic cyst cystic neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas diffuse pancreatic cysts pancrea...

Inguinal region mass (differential)

The differential diagnosis of an inguinal region mass includes (in no particular order) 1-4: inguinal hernia femoral hernia hydrocele of the canal of Nuck spermatic cord hydrocele lymphadenopathy or necrotic lymph node undescended testis aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery i...

Dysphagia

Dysphagia refers to subjective awareness of difficulty or obstruction during swallowing. It is a relatively common and increasingly prevalent clinical problem. Odynophagia is the term for painful swallowing. Fluoroscopy is the mainstay of imaging assessment but manometry can help evaluate the e...

Splenic cyst

Splenic epithelial cysts, also known as splenic epidermoid cysts or primary splenic cysts, are unilocular fluid lesions with thin and smooth walls and no enhancement. They represent ~20% of cysts found in the spleen and are usually an innocuous incidental imaging finding. Note that most (~80%) ...

Medical devices in the abdomen and pelvis

Medical devices in the abdomen and pelvis are important to be recognized, just like medical devices of the chest. We often ignore these devices, considering them to be incidental and non-pathological, however it is essential to be aware of potential complications. Gastrointestinal devices tube...

Malignant esophageal neoplasms

Malignant esophageal neoplasms are much more common than benign esophageal neoplasms, especially if the patient is symptomatic. Pathology esophageal carcinoma (90%) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) esophageal spindle cell carcinoma esophageal adenocarcinoma esophageal neuroendocri...

Complications following gastric banding

There are many complications that can occur following gastric banding. It is helpful to divide these into early and late post-surgical complications. Clinical presentation Although the exact mode of presentation can vary depending on the underlying complication common modes of presentation tha...

Diaphragmatic rupture

Diaphragmatic rupture often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision. Epidemiology Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The estimated ...

Apple core sign (colon)

The apple core sign, also known as the napkin ring sign (bowel), is most frequently associated with constriction of the lumen of the colon by a stenosing annular colorectal carcinoma. It is not to be confused with the napkin ring sign of vulnerable coronary artery plaque or the apple core sign ...

Hemoperitoneum

Hemoperitoneum (plural: haemoperitoneums) is the presence of blood within the peritoneal cavity. Pathology Etiology penetrating or non-penetrating abdominal trauma (often with associated organ injury) 1 ruptured ectopic pregnancy ovarian cyst rupture aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm rupture neo...

Gasless abdomen

A gasless abdomen refers to a paucity of gas on abdominal radiography, and the specific cause can usually be identified when the patient's history is known. Common causes include: proximal obstruction: gastric outlet obstruction, esophageal atresia small bowel obstruction bowel ischemia asci...

Vertical-banded gastroplasty

Vertical-banded gastroplasty (VBG) is an older, purely restrictive procedure used to treat morbid obesity. Procedure It involves creating a small gastric pouch, based on the lesser curvature of the stomach (which is thicker and less resistant to stretching than the greater curvature), by using...

Splenic calcification

Splenic calcifications can occur in various shapes and forms and can occur from a myriad of etiological factors. The usual calcification observed in radiographs are the multiple, miliary form presenting as numerous small rounded densities averaging from three to five millimeters in diameter whi...

Perianal disease

Perianal disease, also known as anorectal disease, is the collective name given to a group of diseases that primarily affect the anal canal +/- rectum. The disease spectrum ranges from the typically benign, e.g. hemorrhoids, to the potentially more serious, e.g. perianal fistula 1-3. hemorrhoid...

Splenic lesions and anomalies

There are a number of splenic lesions and anomalies: Gamuts hypervascular splenic lesions Congenital anomalies accessory spleen wandering spleen asplenia polysplenia bipartite spleen splenogonadal fusion retrorenal spleen Mass lesions Benign mass lesions splenic cyst splenic pseudo...

Terminal ileitis (differential)

The differential diagnosis for a terminal ileitis is quite extensive, and includes: inflammatory bowel disease Crohn disease (most common) backwash ileitis due to ulcerative colitis infectious colitis Yersinia spp. Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Salmonella spp. Sa...

Nontoxic megacolon

Nontoxic megacolon refers to colonic dilatation without mural abnormality and signs of colon toxicity. Although the definition of a megacolon has varied in the literature, most use the measurement of greater than 12 cm for the cecum, 8 cm for the ascending and transverse colon, and 6.5 cm for th...

Colonic stricture

Colonic strictures can be long (>10 cm) or short. Short scirrhous colorectal carcinoma (apple core sign) post surgical (anastamotic stricture) Long malignancy scirrhous colorectal carcinoma gastrointestinal lymphoma inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis Crohn disease post radi...

Tumors of the small intestine

The small intestine is rarely the site of malignant tumors, although it accounts for ~75% of the entire length of the GI tract and more than 90% of the mucosal surface. Approximately 40 different histologic tumor types have been described. In this article, an overview will be given of the most...

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the mesentery

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the mesentery are rare benign neoplasms and a location-specific type of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Mesentery is one of the most common locations for extrapulmonary IMTs 1. Epidemiology IMTs of mesentery are rare spindle cell neoplasms and...

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