Articles
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12 results found
Article
Diaphragmatic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision.
Epidemiology
Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The estimated ...
Article
Trauma in pregnancy
Trauma is a leading cause of mortality in pregnancy. Pregnancy increases the incidence and severity of abdominal trauma in females.
Epidemiology
Trauma affects up to 7% of pregnancies, and the incidence of pregnancy in level 1 trauma patients is estimated to be ~2% 1.
Pathology
Etiology
9...
Article
Splenic pseudocyst
Splenic pseudocysts, also known as secondary splenic cysts, are acquired cystic lesions not delineated by a true epithelial wall. They represent the majority of the splenic cystic lesions, corresponding to approximately 80% of them (cf. splenic epithelial cysts). The main causes are:
splenic t...
Article
Coup-contrecoup injury (brain)
A coup-contrecoup injury is a term applied to head injuries and most often cerebral contusions and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. It refers to the common pattern of injury whereby damage is located both at the site of impact (often less marked) and on the opposite side of the head to the poi...
Article
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly refers to enlargement of the spleen. The upper limit of the normal adult splenic length is traditionally cited at 12 cm, but lengths upwards of 14 cm can be seen in normal, taller males 7.
Terminology
Massive splenomegaly is variably defined, including when the spleen is 5 standar...
Article
Brain herniation
Brain herniation, also referred to as acquired intracranial herniation, refers to shift of brain tissue from its normal location, into an adjacent space as a result of mass effect. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis.
Pathology
There are a number of different pat...
Article
Talar fractures
Talar fractures are an uncommon injury, accounting for <5% of all foot fractures. Recognition of the unique talar anatomy is important for correct diagnosis.
Pathology
Location
talar head fractures
talar neck fractures
talar body fractures
talar dome osteochondral fracture
...
Article
Unilateral facet dislocation
Unilateral facet dislocation is a relatively stable type of facet dislocation.
Pathology
Mechanism
Flexion/distraction associated with rotation. The inferior articular facet of vertebral above moves over the superior facet of the vertebral below and becomes locked. It usually affects C4-C5 or...
Article
Cervical spine injury
Cervical spine injuries can involve the cervical vertebral column, intervertebral discs and cervical spine ligaments, and/or cervical spinal cord. The cervical spine accounts for ~50% of all spinal injuries.
Epidemiology
5-10% of patients with blunt trauma have a cervical spine injury 1.
Pa...
Article
Hemopneumothorax
A hemopneumothorax (plural: hemopneumothoraces) (or, less commonly, haematopneumothorax or pneumohemothorax) is a term given when there is concurrent presence of a hemothorax and pneumothorax. It is a variant of a hydropneumothorax.
Epidemiology
Approximately 5% of patients with pneumothorax ...
Article
Hypoglobus
Hypoglobus refers to the inferior displacement of the globe in the orbit. It may or may not be associated with enophthalmos.
Causes include:
fracture of the orbital floor (most common)
silent sinus syndrome
orbital masses
orbital foreign bodies
thyroid ophthalmopathy
Article
Talar dislocation
There are many types of talar dislocation given its multiple articulations:
tibiotalar dislocation
subtalar dislocation
total talar dislocation
talonavicular dislocation
Chopart fracture-dislocation
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