Articles
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7 results found
Article
Metaplasia
Metaplasia is a general pathology term that refers to the process when one cell type is replaced by another. It usually occurs in the context of a changed cellular environment to which the new cell type is better adapted 1.
Examples include 2-5:
Barrett esophagus: normal squamous epithelium re...
Article
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common autosomal dominant 1 condition resulting in hyperlipidemia.
Epidemiology
1 in 200 individuals are estimated to be carriers of at least one gene associated with familial hypercholesterolemia 1.
Pathology
Features of hyperlipidemia such as early/exces...
Article
Myocardial necrosis
Myocardial necrosis refers to the cell death of cardiomyocytes and represents one pathologic correlate in the setting of myocardial injury and/or myocardial infarction.
Clinical presentation
Many clinical scenarios leading to myocardial necrosis will lead to some form of cardiac symptoms such ...
Article
Myocardial fiber disarray
Myocardial disarray, myocardial fiber disarray or cardiac myocyte disarray refers to bizarre disorganization and texture of cardiac myocyte bundles, individual cardiomyocytes and contractile elements within the sarcomeres. It is an important histological feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy wh...
Article
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a central component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) which assists in blood pressure control by regulating the volume of fluids in the body.
Normal individuals may have a small volume of the angiotensin converting enzyme circulating in their blood.
M...
Article
Starling forces
Starling forces describe the movement of fluids between the vasculature and interstitial spaces. Fluid movement is determined by the balance of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients 1.
Starling forces
Net pressure = [ (Pc - Pi) - (pc - pi) ]
where:
Pc = hydrostatic pressure of the capil...
Article
Creatine kinase
Creatine kinase (CK), also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK), is a key enzyme, for energy production in mitochondria and muscle tissues. It is important as a diagnostic assay in clinical practice, primarily because inflamed/injured muscle releases creatine kinase into the circulation 1.
Phy...
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