Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
193 results found
Article
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by congenital or acquired compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels as they pass through the superior thoracic aperture 11.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend on the structure compresse...
Article
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS), also known as disseminated dermatofibrosis lenticularis 2, comprises osteopoikilosis associated with disseminated connective tissue and cutaneous yellowish nevi, predominantly on the extremities and trunk 1. Genetic work has linked this syndrome to both isolate...
Article
Anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome
Anterior suprapatellar (quadriceps) fat pad impingement syndrome is a controversial cause of anterior knee pain although anterior suprapatellar fat pad edema may often, and possibly more commonly, be incidental or considered an anatomical variant 1,2,11.
Clinical presentation
Patients present...
Article
Calcineurin-inhibitor induced pain syndrome
Calcineurin-inhibitor-induced pain syndrome (CIPS) describes a reversible acute pain syndrome that occurs in patients with transplants taking calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent transplant rejection 1. The most common calcineurin inhibitors prescribed following organ t...
Article
SADDAN syndrome
SADDAN syndrome is an acronym for severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans. It is an extremely rare condition, and as the name states, comprises a combination of skeletal anomalies includes craniosynostosis 2, brain and cutaneous anomalies.
Pathology
Genetics
Th...
Article
Mazabraud syndrome
Mazabraud syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by skeletal fibrous dysplasia and intramuscular myxomas 1-3.
Epidemiology
Only 107 cases have been reported in the global literature (as of 2019) 1,3-5,15. The prevalence is ~ 1 in 1,000,000 3 with a strong female predilection (68-84%) 1,3. T...
Article
Postaxial polydactyly
Postaxial polydactyly refers to polydactyly where the additional digit is on the ulnar margin of the hand, or lateral to the 5th (little) toe.
Epidemiology
Postaxial polydactyly is more common than preaxial polydactyly, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 3000 5.
Associations
trisomy 13
Bar...
Article
Polydactyly
Polydactyly (less commonly called hyperdactyly) refers to the situation where there are more than the usual number of digits (five) in a hand or foot. It can be broadly classified as:
preaxial polydactyly: extra digit(s) towards the thumb/hallux (radially)
postaxial polydactyly: extra digit(s)...
Article
Conus medullaris syndrome
Conus medullaris syndrome is caused by an injury or insult to the conus medullaris and lumbar nerve roots. It is a clinical subset of spinal cord injury syndromes. Injuries at the level of T12 to L2 vertebrae are most likely to result in conus medullaris syndrome.
Clinical presentation
Patient...
Article
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II, also known as Langer-Giedion syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder.
Pathology
The effects are seen mainly on the skeletal system and primarily involves
hair: "tricho-"
nose: "rhino-"
digits of the hands and feet: "-phalang...
Article
Milwaukee shoulder
Milwaukee shoulder refers to a destructive shoulder arthropathy due to the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals, and identification of these crystals in synovial fluid is the cornerstone of diagnosis.
Epidemiology
Milwaukee shoulder frequently affects older women, often with a history of trau...
Article
Morquio syndrome
Morquio syndrome (in older literature it is sometimes called Morquio-Brailsford syndrome) is an autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV.
Epidemiology
Incidence estimated at ~1:40,000.
Clinical presentation
Many cases present at ~2 years of age and have normal intelligence. Cl...
Article
Jarcho-Levin syndrome
Jarcho-Levin syndrome, or spondylothoracic dysostosis, is a rare genetic disorder.
Terminology
Previously, spondylocostal dysostosis was considered part of the Jarcho-Levin syndrome spectrum.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence of this disease is unknown.
Clinical presentation
It is primaril...
Article
Snapping hip syndrome
Snapping hip syndrome (also known as coxa saltans or dancer’s hip) refers to a situation where there is an audible snapping sound produced during motion of the hip.
Epidemiology
Some reports suggest that up to 10% of population may have this to some degree 8.
Pathology
This condition is cla...
Article
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome is a multisystem connective tissue disease caused by a defect in the protein fibrillin 1, encoded by the FBN1 gene. Cardiovascular involvement with aortic root dilatation and dissection is the most feared complication of the disease.
Epidemiology
The estimated prevalence is aro...
Article
Hereditary multiple exostoses
Hereditary multiple exostoses/osteochondromas, also known as diaphyseal aclasis, osteochondromatosis, or simply multiple osteochondromas, is an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by the development of multiple osteochondromas.
Epidemiology
Hereditary multiple exostoses demonstrate an ...
Article
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve (tunnel syndrome) within the carpal tunnel. It is a cause of significant disability and is one of three common median nerve entrapment syndromes, the other two being anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and pronator teres syndro...
Article
CREST syndrome
CREST syndrome (also known as limited systemic sclerosis or limited scleroderma) is a variant of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and stands for
C - calcinosis
R - Raynaud phenomenon
E - oesophageal dysmotility
S - sclerodactyly
T - telangiectasia
See also
systemic sclerosis
Article
Anti-synthetase syndrome
Anti-synthetase syndrome is a systemic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that is characterized by inflammatory myositis, polyarthritis associated with interstitial lung disease, and anti-synthetase autoantibodies.
Pathology
Anti-synthetase syndrome can result from autoantibodies to eight of th...
Article
McCune-Albright syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) (also known as McCune-Albright-Sternberg syndrome) is a genetic disorder characterized by the triad:
endocrinopathy: precocious puberty
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: more severe than in sporadic cases
cutaneous pigmentation: coast of Maine 'café au lait' spots
...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.