Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,861 results found
Article
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a type of imaging based on sending small amounts of electrical current across tissue (when used for medical imaging) and measuring conductivity.
Terminology
There are several ways in which the EIT signal can be generated and processed, and these are oft...
Article
Small heart sign
The small heart sign represents a rarely encountered but critical sign on chest caused by a sudden reduction of heart size caused by cardiac tamponade due to either tension pneumopericardium or pneumomediastinum.
A sudden, >2 cm reduction in the transverse cardiac diameter is considered highly...
Article
Quadratus femoris injection (technique)
Quadratus femoris injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the quadratus femoris muscle and ensure the sciatic nerve is avoided during the procedure. CT and ultrasound can be used, with ultrasound becoming more challenging in those with larger body habitus.
...
Article
Intramedullary nailing
Intramedullary nailing is an internal fixation technique originally mainly used for the surgical management of long bone diaphyseal fractures and now, also in metaphyseal and periarticular fractures.
Indications
Indications of intramedullary nailing are the following 1,2:
extracapsular proxim...
Article
Charles T Dotter
Charles T Dotter (1920-1985) is often considered the father of interventional radiology who in 1964 performed the very first peripheral angioplasty, and made many other major contributions in this field.
Early life
Charles Theodore Dotter was born in Boston on 14 June 1920. He graduated with a...
Article
McMurray test
The McMurray test is used to assess the presence of meniscal tears within the knee.
Background
Clinical tests used for the detection of meniscal tears provide varying levels of diagnostic parameters including sensitivity and specificity. MRI is considered the most accurate diagnostic tool for ...
Article
Ultrahigh field MRI
Ultrahigh field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging refers to imaging done on any MRI scanner with a main magnetic field (B0) strength of 7 tesla or greater. The first 7 T clinical scanner was introduced in 2017, and there are an ever increasing number of academic centers worldwide with ultrahigh f...
Article
Schneiderian papilloma
Schneiderian papillomas, also known as sinonasal papillomas, are benign sinonasal tumors that arise from the Schneiderian epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
Epidemiology
Schneiderian papillomas account for ~2.5% (range 0.4-4.7%) of sinonasal tumors 2.
Pathology
The WHO cl...
Article
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) involves the administration of intravenous contrast agents consisting of microbubbles/nanobubbles of gas.
Clinical applications
liver
hepatic metastasis
cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma
cholangiocarcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatic adenoma
focal no...
Article
Transient hepatic attenuation differences
Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) lesions refer to areas of parenchymal enhancement visible during the hepatic artery phase on helical CT. They are thought to be a physiological phenomenon caused by the dual hepatic blood supply. Occasionally, they may be associated with hepatic t...
Article
Transient hepatic intensity difference
Transient hepatic intensity differences (THID) is a phenomenon observed on MRI imaging of the liver. They are considered a direct equivalent to transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) seen with CT and transient hepatic echogenicity differences (THED) with CEUS. They may be focal or non-...
Article
LI-RADS US Surveillance
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardized system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for ...
Article
CT/MRI LI-RADS
CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is an algorithm for diagnosing and staging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CT/MRI Diagnostic LI-RADS) or assessing the response of HCC to locoregional treatment (CT/MRI Treatment Response LI-RADS) using CT or MRI with extracellular contras...
Article
Spinoglenoid notch ganglion cyst
Spinoglenoid notch ganglion cysts are a location-specific form of ganglion cysts that arise in the region of the spinoglenoid notch.
Epidemiology
They are generally rare and may be slightly more common in males 2.
Associations
glenoid labral tears: especially SLAP lesions 5
Clinical present...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Pituitary macroadenoma
Pituitary macroadenomas are the most common suprasellar mass in adults, and responsible for the majority of transsphenoidal hypophysectomies. They are defined as pituitary adenomas greater than 10 mm in size and are approximately twice as common as pituitary microadenomas.
On imaging, they usu...
Article
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease, also known as Sinding-Larsen disease or Larsen-Johansson syndrome, affects the proximal end of the patellar tendon as it inserts into the inferior pole of the patella. It represents a chronic traction injury of the immature osteotendinous junction. It is a close...
Article
Posterior ciliary arteries
The posterior ciliary arteries are usually paired branches arising from the ophthalmic artery, one medial and one lateral, each giving off a number of branches that supply the uvea 1.
Close to the optic nerve, are the short posterior ciliary arteries, usually numbering 16-20; these supply the p...
Article
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy, also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease, is the most common cause of proptosis in adults and is most frequently associated with Graves disease. On imaging, it is characterized by bilateral and symmetrical enlargement of the extraocul...
Article
Temozolomide
Temozolomide is an oral chemotherapeutic drug primarily used in the treatment of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and glioblastoma, often in conjunction with radiotherapy (Stupp protocol).
Mechanism of action
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent. It adds a methyl group to the purine bases of DN...