Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,463 results found
Article
Lipoma
Lipomas are benign tumors composed of mature adipocytes. They are the most common soft tissue tumor, seen in ~2% of the population.
Epidemiology
Patients typically present in adulthood (5th-7th decades).
Associations
In some cases, multiple lipomas are associated with syndromes and other di...
Article
Gastric lymph node stations
The gastric lymph node stations were originally divided into 16 groups, as proposed by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer in 1973.
Gross anatomy
There are three major groups of lymph drainage from the stomach, namely, left gastric, gastroepiploic, and pyloric nodes 4, as shown in...
Article
Hiatal surface area
The hiatal surface area (HSA) is a measurement that has been proposed to define the size of the hiatal defect in the preoperative assessment of a hiatus hernia. It allows to determine the two-dimensional expanse of the hiatal orifice and then adapts the crural closure to the exact dimension of t...
Article
Fecal calprotectin
Fecal calprotectin (FCAL) is a protein marker of gut inflammation. It is used as a diagnostic tool and marker of disease activity for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
Biochemistry
Calprotectin is a protein complex from the S-100 family, which is formed of three polypeptide chains, two hea...
Article
Transient intussusception
Transient or uncomplicated intussusception is known to occur in adults and children and can be considered physiological. Given the condition's transient nature, it is probably underdiagnosed. The main factors distinguishing transient from intussusceptions requiring surgical intervention are abse...
Article
Stoma
A stoma (plural stomata) is defined as an artificially created connection between two hollow organs or a hollow organ and the skin. A surgical procedure that involves the creation of a stoma carries the suffix "-ostomy".
For a discussion of imaging features and potential complications, please r...
Article
Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG)
A Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG), or percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (RPG), is a procedure where a gastrostomy tube is inserted percutaneously into the stomach under fluoroscopic guidance, principally to provide nutritional support for patients with swallowing disorders 1. Gastr...
Article
Splenectomy
Splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen. This can be partial or total, however a partial splenectomy is rarely performed due to an increased risk of complications compared to a total splenectomy 1.
Indications
Indications for a splenectomy can be divided into absolute and relative 2....
Article
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a procedure where a flexible feeding tube (commonly known as a PEG tube) is inserted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach via endoscopy. Alternatively a tube can be placed under radiological guidance, known as a radiologically inserted gast...
Article
Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma
Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma usually occurs in the setting of gunshot and stab injuries and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. CT is the modality of choice in imaging if the patient is stable enough before surgery. The most common injuries include small bowel, large bowel, liv...
Article
Fecal impaction
Fecal impaction is the inability to spontaneously evacuate solid feces. It is common in the elderly population. A severe form of fecal impaction is often referred to as a fecaloma.
Terminology
Fecal loading is a poorly defined term but generally refers to the volume of fecal material in the c...
Article
Wandering spleen
Wandering spleen is a rare condition in which the spleen migrates from its usual anatomical position, commonly to the lower abdomen or pelvis.
Epidemiology
Wandering spleen is rare, with a reported incidence of <0.5%.
Diagnosis is most commonly made between the ages of 20-40 years and is more...
Article
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is an uncommon primary tumor of the peritoneal lining. It shares epidemiological and pathological features with - but is less common than - its pleural counterpart, which is described in detail in the general article on mesothelioma. Other abdominal subtypes (al...
Article
Corrosive esophagitis
Corrosive esophagitis is a form of esophagitis and usually occurs from accidental or suicidal ingestion of alkaline substances (e.g. lye, household cleaners, bleaches, washing soda) and is harmful to the esophagus due to their alkali medium. The stomach is not affected as the gastric acid can ne...
Article
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease is characterized by the development of numerous benign and malignant tumors in different organs (at least 40 types 1) due to mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3.
Epidemiology
The disease is rare with an estimated prevalence of 1:35,000-50,...
Article
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids or anal cushions are normal vascular cushions of submucosal tissue present since birth in the anal canal and help in maintaining stool continence 2,6. Symptomatic pathological hemorrhoids occur secondary to raised intra-abdominal pressure 2.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of hemorrhoi...
Article
Hartmann procedure
Hartmann procedure, a.k.a. proctosigmoidectomy, is an operation in which the sigmoid colon is resected and the distal colon brought out as a colostomy in the left iliac fossa. The remnant rectum stump is sewn shut. It is a quick and straightforward intervention and currently finds most favor in ...
Article
Melioidosis
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (previously known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) and is a multisystem disorder which may affect the lungs, brain, visceral organs, or musculoskeletal system.
Epidemiology
Melioidosis is a disease of the monsoo...
Article
CT colonography reporting and data system
CT Colonography Reporting and Data System (C-RADS) is a method for standardizing CT colonography (CTC) reporting. The current revision is 2023 5.
Terminology
A polyp is defined as a homogenous soft tissue attenuation lesion projecting into the colonic lumen with a fixed point of attachment to ...
Article
Steelpan sign (sigmoid volvulus)
The steelpan sign refers to the close resemblance of sigmoid volvulus on CT to the percussion instrument known as the steelpan. The steelpan, also known as steel drum or pan, is a Caribbean musical instrument invented in Trinidad and Tobago by the mid-1930s, which became very popular in Trinidad...
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