Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
3,364 results found
Article
Wrist
The wrist is a complex synovial joint formed by articulations of the radius, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the carpal bones.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the term carpus can be used as a synonym for the wrist joint as a whole, or in a more restricted sense to refer...
Article
Fibularis longus muscle
The fibularis longus muscle (also known as peroneus longus muscle) is one of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg.
Summary
origin: head of the fibula
insertion: first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
innervation: superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve)
action: foo...
Article
Lamina cribrosa sclerae
The lamina cribrosa sclerae, also known as lamina cribrosa of the sclera, is a net-like structure covering a small hole in the posterior sclera through which the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), central retinal artery and central retinal vein pass.
Article
Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation
Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation are partial or complete tears of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation, that can occur with or without patellar or quadriceps tendon tears and can cause anterior knee pain.
Pathology
Disruption and separation of prepatellar quadriceps conti...
Article
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
The depressor labii inferioris muscle, also known as quadratus labii inferioris muscle, is one of the facial muscles.
Summary
origin: oblique line of the mandible, medial to the mental foramen
insertion:
modiolus at the angle of the mouth
ascends to medially insert into lower lip
innerva...
Article
Berrettini anastomosis
Berrettini anastomosis is a common sensory interneural communication between the ulnar nerve and the median nerve in the palmar surface of the hand.
Gross anatomy
The Berrettini anastomosis is a purely sensory anastomosis between the common palmar digital nerves that arise from the median and ...
Article
Ductus diverticulum
Aortic ductus diverticulum is a developmental outpouching of the thoracic aorta which may be mistaken for an acute aortic injury.
Gross anatomy
It is usually seen at the anteromedial aspect of the aorta at the site of the aortic isthmus, where the ligamentum arteriosum attaches. It is also the...
Article
Isthmus (disambiguation)
Isthmus (plural: isthmi) is an anatomical term and refers to a slender structure joining two larger components. Some of these uses of the word isthmus are now rarely used or only seen in older texts and articles:
isthmus (aorta)
isthmus (auditory tube)
isthmus (auricle of the ear)
isthmus (c...
Article
Coronary arterial dominance
Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum.
Most hearts (80-85%) are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA...
Article
Oropharyngeal isthmus
The oropharyngeal isthmus, a.k.a. isthmus of fauces, is the relative constriction of the anterior oropharynx that borders the oral cavity. The isthmus is sometimes described as the passage that transitions between the oral cavity and pharynx, but strictly speaking, it is part of the oropharynx.
...
Article
Buccolabial muscles
The buccolabial muscles form a subgroup of the facial muscles.
Elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip:
levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis (LLSAN) muscle
levator labii superioris muscle
zygomaticus major muscle
zygomaticus minor muscle
malaris muscle
levator anguli oris...
Article
Pancake kidney
Pancake kidney (also known as discoid kidney, disc kidney, lump kidney, fused pelvic kidney or cake kidney) is a rare renal fusion anomaly of the kidneys of the crossed fused variety.
Clinical presentation
Pancake kidney may be an incidental finding. However, they can present clinically becaus...
Article
Symphalangism
Symphalangism refers to ankylosis or synostosis of the interphalangeal joints (i.e. fusion of the phalanges) in either the toes or the fingers. Less commonly, the metacarpophalangeal joints may be affected.
Epidemiology
One study reports symphalangism of the fifth toe in ~55% (range 40-75%) of...
Article
Facial muscles
The facial muscles, also known as the muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles (TA: musculi faciales), enable facial expression and serve as sphincters and dilators of the orifices of the face. These muscles differ from those of other regions in the body as there is no fascia deep to the ...
Article
Cerebellopontine angle cistern
The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern, also known as the pontocerebellar cistern, is a triangular CSF-filled subarachnoid cistern that lies between the anterior surface of the cerebellum and the lateral surface of the pons.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
superior: tentorium cerebelli
posterior:...
Article
Mentalis muscle
The mentalis muscles (TA: musculus mentalis) are paired muscles, one on each side of the mouth, important as elevators of the chin and lower lip; the muscles are one of the facial muscles.
Summary
origin: incisive fossa of the mandible
insertion: skin of the chin
innervation: facial nerve
...
Article
Maxilla
The maxillae (or maxillary bones) are a pair of symmetrical bones joined at the midline, which form the middle third of the face. Each maxilla forms the floor of the nasal cavity and parts of its lateral wall and roof, the roof of the oral cavity, contains the maxillary sinus, and contributes mo...
Article
Brachiocephalic vein
The brachiocephalic veins, previously known as the innominate veins, are large paired valveless asymmetric central veins that drain the head, neck, upper limbs and part of the thorax and mediastinum.
Gross anatomy
Origin
In the root of the neck, the internal jugular (IJV) and subclavian vein...
Article
Cartilage
Cartilage or cartilaginous tissue is a resilient and type of connective tissue of mesodermal origin that forms an integral part within the musculoskeletal system and as a structural component in other organs.
Cartilage can be generally classified into the following main types:
hyaline cartil...
Article
Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb is via a series of deep and superficial channels that ultimately drain into the axillary lymph nodes.
Gross anatomy
Lymph from the hand and forearm drain from lymphatic plexuses via superficial channels that accompany the basilic and cephalic veins to a se...
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