Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
336 results found
Article
Lymph node imaging
Lymph node imaging is a useful technique, aiding the clinician in determining whether nodes are benign or malignant. Multiple modalities are used for the assessment and characterization of lymph nodes, each with its advantages and drawbacks.
Modalities
Ultrasound
size
number
shape
contour...
Article
Hemochromatosis (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of hemochromatosis are uncommon and can occur in either primary or secondary hemochromatosis.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system specific manifestations, please refer to the article on hemochromatosis.
Epidemiology
Studies reporting p...
Article
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system (also known as the lymphoid system or systema lymphoideum in Terminologia Anatomica) is the collective term given to the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues in the body 1,4.
Terminology
Occasionally the lymphatic system is considered with the reticuloendothelial system ...
Article
Autoimmune encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis, also known as autoimmune limbic encephalitis, is an antibody-mediated brain inflammatory process, typically involving the limbic system, although any part of the brain, and central nervous system more broadly, can be involved.
Autoimmune encephalitis can be divided broa...
Article
Pyrexia of unknown origin
A pyrexia of unknown origin, commonly shortened to PUO, and also known as a fever of unknown origin (FUO), was originally defined in 1961 as the condition in which the core body temperature is >38.3oC for a period of three weeks or more, with no diagnosis reached after one week of inpatient inve...
Article
Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever) is the term for infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The infection classically occurs in teenagers and young adults, hence its popular name kissing disease. It is usually a clinical diagnosis, with confirmation by serum testing, but ma...
Article
Orbital lymphoma
Primary lymphoma of the orbit is one of the most common orbital tumors and accounts for as much as half of all orbital malignancies. It is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and in most cases arises from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
Epidemiology
Orbital lymphomas account for only 2% o...
Article
Periprocedural anticoagulation
Periprocedural anticoagulation planning is essential when planning an interventional procedure so that the best balance between the risk of bleeding and thrombosis can be achieved.
The following must be considered in assessment of periprocedural anticoagulation:
bleeding risks associated with ...
Article
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), previously known as hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), is a condition arising from occlusion of hepatic venules.
Clinical presentation
right upper quadrant pain
painful hepatomegaly
ascites
abnormal liver function tests
Pathology
Toxic injury to l...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, also known as angiocentric lymphoma or angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Pathology
There is a recognized association with antecedent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are important since the lung is one of the most frequent sites of involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. It falls under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis.
Pathology
Some consider the condition to be midway between ov...
Article
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin disease (HD) is a type of lymphoma and accounts for ~1% of all cancers. Hodgkin disease spreads contiguously and predictably along lymphatic pathways and is curable in ~90% of cases, depending on its stage and subtype.
Epidemiology
There is a bimodal distribution in...
Article
Splenunculus
Splenunculi, also known as supernumerary spleens, accessory spleens, or splenules, are small nodules of spleen that are separate from the rest of the organ.
Epidemiology
They are common, seen in up to 16% of CTs of the abdomen and up to 30% of autopsies 2.
Pathology
Accessory spleens are c...
Article
Normal gastrointestinal tract imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Plain radiograph
abdominal film
example 1
example 2: erect and supine
example 3: pediatric
example 4: pediatric
example 5: young adult male
Barium studies
barium ...
Article
Light chain amyloidosis
Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis or immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis and a plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by deposition of misfolded monoclonal kappa or lambda light chains produced by clonal plasma cells 1-6.
Epidemiology
Amyloid light cha...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...
Article
Leukemoid reaction
A leukemoid reaction refers to a marked increase in white blood cells (>50000 cells/mL), typically neutrophils, which manifests as an acute inflammatory reaction that can mimic leukemia.
Pathology
Leukemoid reactions often occur from accelerated release of cells from the bone marrow.
Features...
Article
Leukemia
Leukemia is a hematological neoplasm characterized by the overproduction of immature (blasts) or abnormally differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system in the bone marrow that often, but not always, extends into the peripheral blood.
This article aims to provide an overview of leukemia as...
Article
Pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection
Pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, also known as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) or Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), is an atypical pulmonary infection and the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Terminology
Classically, ...
Article
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a type of paraneoplastic syndrome, and manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by the progressive onset of cerebellar dysfunction not explained by tumoral invasion, metastasis, or treatment side effects.
Clinical presentation
Cerebellar...
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