Articles
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699 results found
Article
Reverse Segond fracture
Reverse Segond fracture is one of the avulsion fractures of the knee, which is due to the avulsion of the deep fibers of the medial collateral ligament (also known as the meniscotibial or coronary ligament) involving the medial proximal tibia adjacent to the articular surface. It is the opposite...
Article
Thoracic spine fracture-dislocation
Thoracic spine fracture-dislocations are severe forms of spinal column injuries that occur secondary to high-energy trauma, in which there is vertebral fracture concomitant with dislocation of facet joints and/or the intervertebral disc space. They are mechanically unstable and are associated wi...
Article
AO/OTA classification of proximal tibial fractures
The AO/OTA classification is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying proximal tibial fractures or proximal tibial end segment fractures. Like other fractures, they are divided into three groups subject to the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1:
type A: extraartic...
Article
Segmental endplate angles in spine injuries
Segmental endplate or segmental kyphosis angles include the monosegmental and bisegmental endplate angle as well as the vertebral compression angle and play a role in the stability assessment after spinal injuries.
The following angles might be used 1-3:
monosegmental endplate angle or Gardner...
Article
AO/OTA classification of acetabular fractures
The AO/OTA classification is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying acetabular fractures. Like other fractures, they are divided into three groups subject to the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1.
type A: partial articular isolated wall or column fracture
A1: ...
Article
Deltoid ligament injury
Deltoid ligament injuries involve the deltoid ligament that forms the medial part of the ankle joint.
Pathology
Mechanism of injury
It occurs due to eversion and/or pronation injury, or can be associated with lateral ankle fractures.
The deltoid ligament is usually avulsed from its tibial at...
Article
Coracoclavicular ligament injury
Coracoclavicular (CC) ligament injury is common with shoulder trauma. It is considered part of the spectrum of acromioclavicular joint injuries 2 and is not often an isolated injury. It is also often injured with clavicular fractures.
This injury is easy to miss, especially with the presence o...
Article
Thoracolumbar spine fracture
Thoracolumbar spine fractures are often the result of significant blunt trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or falling from a height. Fractures in this region range from non-complex to highly complex and will vary in prognosis.
Epidemiology
Males are affected more commonly than females wit...
Article
Talar head fracture
Talar head fractures are rare fractures that have a high frequency of co-existing foot fractures.
Epidemiology
Talar head fractures account for ~5% (range 2.6-10%) of talar fractures 4.
Pathology
Talar head fractures are almost always associated with other foot fractures, frequently with pe...
Article
Pilon fracture of the hand
The pilon fracture of the hand is a comminuted, intraarticular fracture involving a proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand. The fracture is generally reported to involve the more ulnar digits and the pattern is considered unstable with case reports documenting poor outcomes.
Pathology
The...
Article
Retroclival hematoma
A retroclival hematoma is a collection of blood located along the dorsum sellae and clivus which may reach the dens. It has been classified into either an epidural or subdural retroclival hematoma depending on the anatomical location of the blood accumulation.
Epidemiology
It is an uncommon f...
Article
Subluxed facet joint
Subluxed facet joint is the mildest form of facet dislocation in which the ligamentous injury leads to partial uncovering of a facet joint (cf. complete uncovering in perched facet). This results in mild anterior displacement of one vertebral body on another (anterolisthesis).
Article
Translation-rotation spine injury
Translation-rotation spine injuries are severe injuries characterized by horizontal displacement or rotation of one vertebral body with respect to another.
Pathology
These injuries result from torsional and shear forces. This type of injury is usually severe and involves the posterior ligament...
Article
Judet and Letournel classification for acetabular fractures
The Judet and Letournel classification is the most widely used classification system for acetabular fractures. It classifies acetabular fractures into ten major fracture patterns, which consist of five simple patterns and five complex patterns 1,2.
Classification
The morphology of fracture pa...
Article
Riseborough and Radin classification of intercondylar fractures of the humerus
Riseborough and Radin classification of intercondylar fractures of the humerus can be used to classify this injury, which is the result of direct trauma to the olecranon as it is driven as a wedge between the humeral condyles. Four types of fractures can be identified:
type I: no displacement ...
Article
Roy-Camille classification of odontoid process fracture
The Roy-Camille classification of fractures of the odontoid process of C2 depends on the direction of the fracture line 1.
The level of fracture line as described by the Anderson and D’Alonzo classification is not predictive of the degree of instability or the risk of non-union. This classifica...
Article
Yo-yo on a string sign - Stener lesion
The yo-yo on a string sign denotes the characteristic appearance of the torn, proximally retracted and superficially displaced ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) due to a Stener lesion.
Mechanism
The sign occurs as a consequence of the tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb (gamekeepe...
Article
Carpometacarpal joint dislocation
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations are uncommon dislocations of the hand.
Epidemiology
There is a strong younger male predominance. These injuries account for less than 1% of hand injuries 4 and are more common in the dominant hand.
Associated injuries
The following injuries should rai...
Article
Transverse fracture
Transverse fractures are complete fractures that traverse the bone perpendicular to the axis of the bone. The fracture involves the cortex circumferentially and there may be displacement.
The term is predominantly used in the context of fractures of long bones although other types of bones may ...
Article
Spiral fracture
Spiral fractures are complete fractures of long bones that result from a rotational force applied to the bone. Spiral fractures are usually the result of high energy trauma and are likely to be associated with displacement.
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