Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
745 results found
Article
Leave alone lesions - maxillodental
Maxillodental leave alone lesions are usually incidental findings that do not require treatment nor follow-up if the patient is asymptomatic.
This article includes findings from orthopantomogram, cone-beam CT, and sinus CT studies.
Do not touch:
benign lesions
tooth ankylosis
hypercementosi...
Article
Milk of calcium within a breast cyst
Milk of calcium within a breast cyst is a mammographic feature observed when there is dependent calcium layering within breast cysts. It is typically observed as "tea cup" or "crescent shaped" calcifications on a true lateral (LM or ML) view or occasionally on a MLO view. On a CC view, these cal...
Article
Splenic lesions and anomalies
There are a number of splenic lesions and anomalies:
Gamuts
hypervascular splenic lesions
Congenital anomalies
accessory spleen
wandering spleen
asplenia
polysplenia
bipartite spleen
splenogonadal fusion
retrorenal spleen
Mass lesions
Benign mass lesions
splenic cyst
splenic pseudo...
Article
Terminal tuft mass
There is only a short list of terminal tuft masses that can arise from the adjacent soft tissues and erode the terminal tuft or arise from the terminal tuft itself:
epidermal inclusion cyst: history of penetrating trauma
tenosynovial giant cell tumor: occurs laterally
subungual glomus tumor (...
Article
Sclerosing bone dysplasia (overview)
Sclerosing bone dysplasias comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders (skeletal dysplasias) united by the presence of sclerosis of one form or another:
craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
craniometaphyseal dysplasia
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
hereditary multiple diaphyseal dysplasia (Ribbing disea...
Article
Sclerotic bone metastases
Sclerotic or osteoblastic bone metastases are distant tumor deposits of a primary tumor within bone characterized by new bone deposition or new bone formation.
Epidemiology
Bone metastases are the most common malignancy of bone of which sclerotic bone metastases are less common than lytic bone...
Article
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancers are the most common malignancy in men between the ages of 20 and 34 years.
Epidemiology
Testicular cancer is uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all internal organ malignancies 2.
The commonest histology of the tumor varies with the age of affected individuals. Over 90...
Article
Gasless abdomen
A gasless abdomen refers to a paucity of gas on abdominal radiography, and the specific cause can usually be identified when the patient's history is known. Common causes include:
proximal obstruction: gastric outlet obstruction, esophageal atresia
small bowel obstruction
bowel ischemia
asci...
Article
Elevated diaphragm
Elevated diaphragm refers to the symmetrical elevation of both domes of the diaphragm.
Pathology
Etiology
There is some overlap with causes of an elevated hemidiaphragm.
Technical
supine position
poor inspiratory effort
Patient factors
obesity
pregnancy
Diaphragmatic pathology
paral...
Article
Craniovertebral junction anomalies
Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies can be congenital, developmental or due to malformation secondary to an acquired disease process. These anomalies can lead to cranial nerve compression, vertebral artery compression, and obstructive hydrocephalus.
Pathology
The craniovertebral junction ...
Article
Pear-shaped bladder
Pear-shaped (or teardrop-shaped) bladder is one whose normal round or ovoid shape has been extrinsically compressed to resemble a pear. The pear may be inverted or upright, depending on how the excess pelvic tissue compresses the bladder.
Pathology
Etiology
Causes of a pear-shaped bladder inc...
Article
Diffuse bone marrow infiltration on MRI (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember differentials causing diffuse bone marrow infiltration on MRI. Bone marrow infiltration is best evaluated on T1 sequences and may be focal or diffuse. Focal infiltration is seen in metastases and lymphoma. The diffuse pattern is seen more commonly in multiple myeloma, mast...
Article
Abnormally thickened endometrium (differential)
Abnormally thickened endometrium on imaging may occur for a number of reasons which may be categorized based on whether or not they are related to pregnancy. Etiologies may also be classified based on whether the patient is premenopausal or postmenopausal.
Differential diagnosis
Pregnancy-rela...
Article
Tumors that metastasize to bone (mnemonic)
Tumors that metastasize to bone may be remembered using the mnemonic "PBKTL", rendered as "lead kettle", as "Pb" is the standard abbreviation for the chemical element, lead.
PB-KTL
Mnemonic
P: prostate
B: breast
K: kidney
T: thyroid
L: lung
For females, breast and lung are the most commo...
Article
Centrilobular lung nodules
Centrilobular lung nodules refer to a HRCT chest imaging descriptor for small 5-10 mm lung nodules which are anatomically located centrally within secondary pulmonary lobules. The term is applied on the basis of location of the nodule and not its morphology, that is they may be well-defined or p...
Article
Hyperreninaemic hypertension (differential)
Hyperreninaemic hypertension may have many causes including:
renal artery stenosis
renal secreting tumor, e.g. renal cell carcinoma, reninoma
renal compression: large renal mass, subcapsular hemorrhage (Page kidney)
Article
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are diffuse interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. They are characterized by cellular infiltration of the interstitial compartment of the lung with varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis.
Classification
Over the years many attempts have...
Article
Traversal of lung fissures
Only a small number of pulmonary diseases are known to directly traverse the lung fissures such that the lung pathology extends from one lobe via an interlobar fissure into an adjacent lobe 1. The finding is most commonly due to primary malignancy, however, some infections are also known to do s...
Article
Coin lesion (lung)
A coin lesion refers to a round or oval, well-circumscribed solitary pulmonary lesion. It is usually 1-5 cm in diameter and calcification may or may not be present 1,3. Typically but not always the patient is asymptomatic 1.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for such lesions i...
Article
Diffuse tracheal narrowing
Conditions associated with diffuse tracheal narrowing or collapse include (in alphabetical order):
amyloidosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): saber sheath trachea
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
relapsing polychondritis
sarcoidosis
tracheobronchial tuberculosis 3
tracheoma...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.