Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
620 results found
Article
Thoracic endometriosis
Thoracic endometriosis is an uncommon location for endometriosis and the main cause of catamenial pneumothorax.
Epidemiology
Most often occurs in the third and fourth decades of life 3.
Clinical presentation
Symptoms may include:
catamenial pleuritic chest pain
catamenial hemoptysis: when...
Article
Ovarian follicular cyst
An ovarian follicular cyst is type of simple physiological ovarian cyst.
Terminology
The terms "ovarian cyst" and "ovarian follicular cyst" are often used interchangeably. These two terms describe lesions >3 cm, and it is important to differentiate them from an "ovarian follicle" which is <3 c...
Article
Sex cord / stromal ovarian tumors
Sex cord / stromal ovarian tumors are a subtype of ovarian tumors and account for 8-10% of all ovarian tumors. They arise from two groups of cells in the ovary:
stromal cells
primitive sex cords: celomic epithelium
The group of tumors includes
ovarian fibroma-thecoma spectrum
ovarian fibrom...
Article
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation, is a chronic anovulation syndrome associated with androgen excess.
The Rotterdam criteria is used to make the diagnosis of PCOS and require any two of the following three criteria for the diagnosis, as well as the e...
Article
Polycystic ovaries
Polycystic ovaries (PCO) or polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) is an imaging descriptor of a particular type of change in ovarian morphology. A proportion of women with polycystic ovaries will have the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which in turn requires additional clinical, as well as b...
Article
Intrauterine contraceptive device
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) (also known as intrauterine devices (IUD) and colloquially commonly as the coil) are one of the most frequently used methods of contraception throughout the world. It prevents pregnancy by:
thinning the endometrial lining
preventing sperm motility
pre...
Article
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) results from the abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue and encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases, including 14:
tumor-like lesions
exaggerated placental site reaction
placental site nodule and plaque
abnormal (non-molar) villous lesions
mol...
Article
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary rotates around its supporting ligaments, twisting and squashing the accompanying blood vessels and lymphatics. The term adnexal torsion is preferred because a portion of the fallopian tube is commonly torsed along with the ovary. The term adnexal torsion als...
Article
Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is a very common condition in general radiology practice and is one of the main reasons for abdominal surgery in young patients. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect appendicitis.
Terminology
Acute appendicitis (p...
Article
Feeding artery sign (endometrial polyp)
Feeding artery sign (a.k.a. pedicle artery sign) refers to the presence of a single feeding artery to endometrial lesion using color/power Doppler on ultrasonography. It is often seen in endometrial polyps 1. The feeding vessel indicates the stalk attachment of the polyp to the uterus.
Endometr...
Article
Ovarian follicle
An ovarian follicle (also known as a Graafian follicle in its mature state) is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells and contains a single oocyte.
Gross anatomy
An ovarian follicle can be initiated to grow and develop, culminat...
Article
Round ligament of the uterus
The round ligament is one of the supporting structures of the uterus. It has a function in uterine anteflexion.
Embryology
Together with the ligament of the ovary, it is one of the remnants of the gubernaculum in females.
Gross anatomy
The round ligament is a rope-like fibromuscular band tha...
Article
Uterus
The uterus is an extraperitoneal hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ of the female reproductive tract that lies in the lesser pelvis.
Gross anatomy
The uterus has an inverted pear shape. It measures about 7.5 cm in length, 5 cm wide at its upper part, and nearly 2.5 cm in thickness in adults....
Article
Junctional zone (uterus)
Junctional zone is a region representing the inner myometrium of the uterus and is a very important imaging feature in pelvic MR imaging for the interpretation of various pathologies. In its intact state, it is usually visible on MRI as a low T2 signal layer beneath the endometrium. At times, it...
Article
Broad ligament leiomyoma
Broad ligament leiomyomas are extra-uterine leiomyomas that occur in relation to the broad ligament.
Terminology
Broad ligament leiomyomas are also referred to as a type of parasitic leiomyomas 5.
Clinical presentation
While in most cases broad ligament leiomyomas are asymptomatic, patients...
Article
Naegele's formula
The Naegele's formula is simple arithmetic method for calculating the estimated date of delivery of a pregnancy based on the last menstrual period.
To calculate the estimated date of delivery apply the following to the date of the first day of the last menstrual period (e.g. 22nd June 2008):
a...
Article
Müllerian duct
The Müllerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of mesodermal origin in the embryo. They run laterally down the side of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the Müllerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus.
In the female, they will develop to form the uterine tubes, ute...
Article
String of pearls sign (disambiguation)
String of pearls sign can refer to:
string of pearls sign on an abdominal radiograph of fluid-filled dilated small bowel loops
string of pearls sign on brain MRI in deep border zone infarction
string of pearls sign on brain MRI in Susac syndrome
string of pearls sign on ultrasound in polycys...
Article
Vesicovaginal fistula
Vesicovaginal fistulas are abnormal fistulous connections between the urinary bladder and vagina, resulting in an involuntary discharge of urine through the vagina.
Epidemiology
The overall incidence of vesicovaginal fistula is unknown but was reported to be 2.11 per 100 births in Nigeria 1.
...
Article
Uterine artery embolization
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is an interventional radiological technique to decrease the arterial supply to the uterus and is performed for various reasons.
History
Uterine artery embolization has been practised for more than 20 years for controlling post-partum hemorrhage.
The technique...
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