Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
620 results found
Article
Metastases to the vagina
Metastases to the vagina are more common than primary vaginal malignancies and account for >80% of vaginal tumors.
Pathology
Metastases usually spread from contiguous sites most commonly, with lymphatic and hematogenous metastases also recognized.
Tumors that metastasize to the vagina include...
Article
Endometrioid carcinoma of the cervix
Endometrioid carcinoma of the cervix is a rare histological subtype of cervical cancer. It falls under the sub group of adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
Epidemiology
It is thought to account for approximately 7% of cervical adenocarcinomas 2-3. The incidence is thought to have increased through ...
Article
Clear cell carcinoma of the cervix
Clear cell carcinoma of the cervix (CCCC) is a rare adenocarcinoma subtype of cervical cancer.
Epidemiology
Due to association with diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in some patients, this subtype may have a younger age at presentation than other histological subtypes. This subtype can sometim...
Article
Malignant mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary
A malignant mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary is a subtype of ovarian germ cell tumor. These are not to be confused with malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the ovary.
Epidemiology
These tumors are rare. They most commonly affect adolescent women of reproductive age 1.
Pathology
They are ma...
Article
Uterine lymphoma
Uterine lymphoma refers to involvement of the uterus with lymphoma. Some authors also place lymphoma of the uterine cervix under this group.
Epidemiology
It is rare condition with initial uterine involvement occurring in only 1% of patients with lymphoma 3. However, uterine involvement is more...
Article
Vaginal lymphoma
Vaginal lymphoma can refer to:
secondary involvement of the vagina (secondary vaginal lymphoma) from widespread generalized lymphoma
relatively commoner
usually comprises of diffuse large cell B non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL) 2
primary vaginal lymphoma
much rarer
Article
Vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) or type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS 4) is the most malignant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. This form is often accompanied by neurovascular complications secondary to vessel dissections and/or aneurysms.
Epidemiology
Vascular EDS represents about 4% of...
Article
Snowstorm sign (disambiguation)
Snowstorm sign may refer to:
snowstorm sign: complete hydatiform mole (ultrasound)
snowstorm sign: extracapsular breast implant rupture (ultrasound)
snowstorm sign: thyroid pulmonary metastases (chest radiograph)
Article
Pseudodysraphism
A pseudodysraphism refers to the splayed appearance of a normal spine created due to excessive craniocaudal angulation during sonographic evaluation. This can erroneously lead to the diagnosis of a spinal neural tube defect.
Article
Fornix (disambiguation)
The term fornix (plural: fornices) is used for anatomical structures in multiple organ systems that all share an arch-like morphology:
fornix (brain)
fornix (eye)
fornix (lacrimal)
fornix (pharynx)
fornix (renal)
fornix (stomach)
fornix (vagina)
History and etymology
Fornix is Latin for...
Article
Fornix (vagina)
The fornices are superior recesses of the vagina formed by the protrusion of the cervix into the vaginal vault. There is a large posterior fornix and a smaller anterior fornix with two small lateral fornices.
History and etymology
Fornix is Latin for 'arch'.
Article
Endometrial reflectivity (ultrasound grading)
Endometrial reflectivity grading on ultrasound is a system initially proposed by Smith et al. in 1984 which classifies the endometrium into four types according to the echotexture pattern. They are considered to be useful in deciding on receptivity in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The Smith sys...
Article
Post-ablation tubal sterilization syndrome
Post-ablation tubal sterilization syndrome (PATSS) is a recognized delayed complication seen in patients who have undergone both endometrial ablation and tubal sterilization. It has been reported in 6-8% of these patients and occurs when bleeding from residual endometrium is obstructed due to su...
Article
Adenosquamous carcinoma (cervix)
Adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC) of the cervix is a rare histological subtype of cervical carcinoma.
Pathology
It has components of both cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
Prognosis
An adenosquamous histology appears to be an independent predictor of poor outcome...
Article
In utero bowel perforation
In utero bowel perforation results in a chemical peritonitis (meconium peritonitis) from peritoneal leakage of sterile meconium.
It can result from many causes which include:
intestinal atresias:
jejuno-ileal atresia
ileal atresia
anal atresia
in utero intestinal ischemia
underlying gastr...
Article
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, previously known as LEOPARD syndrome (LS), is a rare autosomal dominant RASopathy that has many similarities to Noonan syndrome.
Clinical presentation
Despite a change in formal name, the 'LEOPARD' acronym is still useful to summarize the clinical feat...
Article
Placental abruption in the exam
Getting a film with placental abruption (premature separation of placenta from uterus) in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound show a single live fetus with gestational age of 27 weeks. The cervix i...
Article
Submucosal leiomyoma in the exam
Getting a film with submucosal fibroid in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound scans show an anteverted uterus with endometrium that is 7 mm wide and has a trilaminar appearance indicative of the pe...
Article
Follicular monitoring
Follicular monitoring or follicular study is a vital component of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) assessment and timing. It basically employs a simple technique for assessing ovarian follicles at regular intervals and documenting the pathway to ovulation.
Physiology
Journey to ovulation begins d...
Article
Risk of malignancy index in ovarian tumors
The risk of malignancy index (RMI) in ovarian tumors is a validated clinical tool used for risk stratification of ovarian lesions, to guide further management 1-3.
Classification
The score incorporates the patient's menopausal status (M), ultrasound features of the lesion (U), and the serum CA...
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