Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
700 results found
Article
Tension gastrothorax
Tension gastrothorax describes a rare life-threatening condition caused by mediastinal shift due to a distended stomach herniating into the thorax through a diaphragmatic defect.
Clinical presentation
Presentation is generally with acute and severe respiratory failure, with clinical features ...
Article
Costal hook sign (flail chest)
The costal hook sign is a chest x-ray feature seen in some cases of flail chest. It represents the rotation of a fractured rib along its long axis, something that is only possible if a second fracture is present along its length, even if the second fracture is not visible 1.
Article
Gosselin fracture
The Gosselin fracture is a fracture of the distal tibia with a V-shaped fractured fragment and intra-articular involvement.
History and etymology
It is named after Leon Athanese Gosselin (1815–1887), a French surgeon.
Article
Frontal sinus fracture
Frontal sinus fractures are facial fractures that involve the frontal sinus, either in isolation or more commonly as part of more complex facial fractures. They can result in cosmetic deformity, functional impairment, CSF leak, and/or intracranial infection (e.g. meningitis).
Epidemiology
Fron...
Article
Hematomyelia
Hematomyelia refers to the presence of intramedullary hemorrhage or hematoma within the spinal cord. This is distinct from extramedullary hemorrhage such as that seen in epidural hematoma.
Pathology
Although hematomyelia can occur in the setting of trauma, the term is generally used to signify...
Article
Pneumolipohaemarthrosis
Pneumolipohaemarthrosis is the presence of intra-articular gas in a lipohemarthrosis. It indicates an open intra-articular fracture.
Article
Oblique fracture
Oblique fractures are complete fractures that occur at a plane oblique to the long axis of the bone. Like transverse fractures, the term is predominantly used in the context of describing a fracture in a long bone.
Oblique fractures are particularly prone to angulation in the plane of the fract...
Article
Johansson classification
The Johansson classification of periprosthetic hip fractures was the first classification system proposed and is the simplest. It is based on the level of the fracture in relation to the prosthesis.
type I: fracture proximal to the tip of the prosthesis with the stem still in contact with the m...
Article
Cooke and Newman classification
The Cooke and Newman classification of periprosthetic hip fractures is a modification of the Bethea classification proposed several years earlier.
type I
explosion type fracture, comminuted around the stem of the implant
the prosthesis is always loose and the fracture is inherently unstable
...
Article
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification of periprosthetic hip fractures
The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification of periprosthetic hip fractures divides the femur into three separate regions:
level I: proximal femur distally to the lower extent of the lesser trochanter
level II: 10 cm of femur distal to level I
level III: femur distal to level...
Article
Pelvic bucket handle fracture
Bucket handle fractures of the pelvis are a result of anteroposterior compression energy vectors. It is described as a vertically-oriented fracture through ipsilateral superior and inferior pubic rami with contralateral sacroiliac joint disruption/dislocation 1, 2.
See also
pelvic fractures
b...
Article
Fallen lung sign
The fallen lung sign (also known as CT fallen lung sign) describes the appearance of collapsed lung away from the mediastinum encountered with tracheobronchial injury (in particular those >2 cm away from the carina). It is helpful to look for this rare but specific sign, in cases of unexplained ...
Article
Mixed temporal bone fractures
Mixed temporal bone fractures are a combination of longitudinal and transverse fracture types, and are probably the most common type. They frequently involve the otic capsule, and are associated with both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
Article
Isolated free fluid in trauma
Isolated free fluid in trauma may or may not represent a significant injury, and this creates a diagnostic dilemma in determining appropriate treatment for these patients.
Epidemiology
The presence of isolated free fluid in trauma occurs in 3-5% of blunt trauma patients 1-4.
Pathology
The c...
Article
Elbow extension test
The elbow extension test is a clinical decision rule aimed at reducing the number of unnecessary elbow radiographs in patients aged ≥3 years.
The test has a specific examination whereby the seated patient, with the arm in supination and 90º shoulder flexion, is asked to fully extend the elbow ...
Article
PECARN traumatic brain injury algorithm
The PECARN (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) traumatic brain injury algorithm is a clinical decision rule that aims to identify children at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ci-TBI) 1. This validated pediatric algorithm predicts likelihood of the abo...
Article
NEXUS Chest
NEXUS Chest is a clinical decision rule that supports the appropriate use of thoracic imaging in trauma. There are seven criteria 1,2:
>60 years old
rapid deceleration defined as fall > 6 meters or motor vehicle crash >64 km/hour
chest pain
intoxication
abnormal alertness or mental status
...
Article
Dolan's lines
Dolan's lines are the collective name given to three lines described by Dolan and Jacoby 1 that aid in evaluating for maxillofacial fractures on an occipitomental skull radiograph. They are usually used as an adjunct to McGrigor-Campbell lines.
orbital line traces the inner margins of the later...
Article
Complete fracture
Complete fractures are fractures where the parts of the bone that have been fractured are completely separated from each other. There is complete separation of the cortex circumferentially.
Complete fractures can be classified as:
transverse: straight across the bone
oblique: oblique line acr...
Article
Talar dislocation
There are many types of talar dislocation given its multiple articulations:
tibiotalar dislocation
subtalar dislocation
total talar dislocation
talonavicular dislocation
Chopart fracture-dislocation
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