Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
562 results found
Article
Superior sagittal sinus
The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is the largest dural venous sinus. As the name suggests, it runs in a sagittal plane in the superior aspect of the falx cerebri. It extends from the foramen cecum anteriorly to its termination at the confluence of sinuses at the internal occipital protuberance p...
Article
Ductus diverticulum
Aortic ductus diverticulum is a developmental outpouching of the thoracic aorta which may be mistaken for an acute aortic injury.
Gross anatomy
It is usually seen at the anteromedial aspect of the aorta at the site of the aortic isthmus, where the ligamentum arteriosum attaches. It is also the...
Article
Inferior gluteal artery
The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It originates in the pelvis and supplies the gluteal region and thigh.
Summary
origin: anterior division of the internal iliac artery
location: pelvis, gluteal region, back of thigh
supply: buttock...
Article
Great cerebral vein
The great cerebral vein, also known as the vein of Galen or great vein of Galen, is a short valveless midline venous trunk that drains the deep parts of the cerebrum, brainstem and parts of the posterior cranial fossa.
Gross anatomy
The great cerebral vein begins just superior to the pineal gl...
Article
Transposition of inferior vena cava
Transposition of inferior vena cava (also known as left-sided IVC) refers to a variant course of the inferior vena cava. It is the most common anomaly of IVC and occurs due to persistence of left supracardinal vein.
Diagnosis of left sided inferior vena cava is important for:
planning of vascu...
Article
Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava
Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava (also known as the absence of the hepatic segment of the IVC with azygos continuation) is an uncommon vascular anomaly and is a cause of a dilated azygos vein.
Terminology
Spelling it "azygous" when referring to the vein is incorrect, regardless of...
Article
Obturator artery
The obturator artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It provides vascular supply within the pelvis and medial lower limb.
Summary
origin: anterior division of the internal iliac artery
location: pelvis and lower limb
supply: pelvic muscles, ilium, head of ...
Article
Inferior epigastric artery
The inferior epigastric artery arises from the external iliac artery and is an important artery supplying the anterior abdominal wall. If a superficial inferior epigastric artery is present, as seen in about two-thirds of cases, then the inferior epigastric artery is referred to as the deep infe...
Article
Ascending cervical artery
The ascending cervical artery is a paired artery from the lower neck that supplies deep neck muscles and most commonly originates from the inferior thyroid artery.
Gross anatomy
Location
The ascending cervical artery travels upwards in the neck, lateral and parallel to the vertebral artery, w...
Article
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is the dome-shaped skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, enclosing the inferior thoracic aperture.
Terminology
On chest imaging, in particular chest radiography, an imaginary anteroposterior midline divides the diaphragm into two halves, fo...
Article
Diaphragmatic apertures
The diaphragmatic apertures are a series of apertures that permit the passage of structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. There are three main apertures:
aortic hiatus (T12 level, not a true aperture):
contains the aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
esophageal hiatus (T10 level)...
Article
Lung hilum
The lung hila or roots are found on the medial aspect of each lung and transmit structures between the lung and mediastinum. The left and right lung roots are similar but not identical. The roots of the lung lie between T5 to T7 vertebrae 5.
The hilar point is a point where the upper lobe vein ...
Article
Thyrocervical trunk
The thyrocervical trunk is one of the 3 branches of the first part of the subclavian artery and gives off numerous branches to supply viscera of the neck, the brachial plexus, neck muscles, and the scapular anastomosis.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The trunk arises lateral to the vertebral artery fro...
Article
Accessory renal artery
Accessory renal arteries are a common variant of the renal arteries. They are present in ~25% (range 20-30%) of the population and bilateral in ~10% 1. Accurate identification is of utmost importance for surgical planning prior to live donor transplantation 2,3 and renal artery embolization for ...
Article
Hepatocystic triangle
The hepatocystic triangle (or Calot triangle) is a small triangular space at the porta hepatis of surgical importance as it is dissected during cholecystectomy. Its contents, the cystic artery and cystic duct, must be identified before ligation and division to avoid intraoperative injury.
Gros...
Article
Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery
The proatlantal intersegmental artery is also known as the type I proatlantal artery, and is one of the persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. It arises from the internal carotid artery (similar to the persistent hypoglossal artery) but instead of heading for the hypoglossal canal, it j...
Article
Facial vein
The facial vein (previously known as the anterior facial vein) is the continuation of the angular vein and joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein 1-3.
Gross anatomy
At the level of the lower margin of the orbit, the angular vein becomes the facial ...
Article
Posterior auricular vein
The posterior auricular vein is tributary of the external jugular vein or retromandibular vein.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
It arises over the mastoid process of the temporal bone draining the skin behind the ear and courses anteriorly into the parotid gland, draining into the external ju...
Article
Superficial temporal vein
The superficial temporal vein arises in a plexus on the side and vertex of the skull and, in the substance of the parotid gland, joins with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein.
Gross anatomy
The superficial temporal vein originates from a venous plexus on the side and vertex of...
Article
Retromandibular vein
The retromandibular vein, also known as the posterior facial vein, runs through the substance of the parotid gland.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The retromandibular vein is formed, usually within the parotid, by the confluence of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein. It lie...
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