Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,463 results found
Article
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum (aeroperitoneum is a rare synonym 12) describes gas within the peritoneal cavity, often due to critical illness. There are numerous causes and several mimics.
Pathology
The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is the disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus. In children, the...
Article
Peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm
Peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm refers to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm around the pancreatic gland. It is a rare but potentially lethal complication 5.
Epidemiology
Formation of pseudoaneurysm can occur in as many as 10% of cases of pancreatitis. The time interval is variable, ranging from ...
Article
Familial Mediterranean fever
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (also known as recurrent polyserositis) is a genetic autoimmune condition that is notable for its spontaneous self-limiting acute episodes of fever and serositis, especially peritonitis and synovitis.
Epidemiology
Familial Mediterranean fever tends to be ethn...
Article
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis
A tumor-to-tumor metastasis, also known as a collision tumor, is a rare metastatic process in which a primary malignant tumor ('donor') metastasizes to another tumor ('recipient'), most commonly a benign tumor such as a meningioma.
Epidemiology
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is considered very rare...
Article
Meckel diverticulitis
Meckel diverticulitis is the inflammation of a Meckel diverticulum, which is the most common congenital structural abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract 3. Despite this, it is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and is often not correctly diagnosed pre-operatively.
This article focuses on M...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. Although abnormalities in almost every aspect of the immune system have been found, the key defect is thought to result from a loss of self-tolerance to autoantigens.
Epidemiology
There is a strong...
Article
Splenic cyst
Splenic epithelial cysts, also known as splenic epidermoid cysts or primary splenic cysts, are unilocular fluid lesions with thin and smooth walls and no enhancement. They represent ~20% of cysts found in the spleen and are usually an innocuous incidental imaging finding.
Note that most (~80%) ...
Article
Hydatid disease
Hydatid cysts result from infection by the Echinococcus tapeworm species and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body.
Epidemiology
Cystic echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution. The Mediterranean basin is an important endemic area 6,7.
Pathology
There are two main...
Article
Virgin abdomen
Virgin abdomen is used to describe the abdomen of a patient who has never had any surgical procedure on their abdomen. It is usually used in the context of someone presenting with an acute small bowel obstruction and whether adhesions might be the underlying etiology.
The conventional wisdom be...
Article
IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease that is characterized by fibroinflammatory infiltration of various organs induced by plasma cells that express IgG4 (immunoglobulin G subclass 4).
Terminology
Since 2012, IgG4-related disease has become the preferred term 9,10. However, it h...
Article
Situs inversus
Situs inversus, (rare plural: sitūs inversi) short form of the Latin “situs inversus viscerum”, is a term used to describe the inverted position of chest and abdominal organs.
Terminology
The condition is called situs inversus totalis when there is a total transposition of abdominal and thorac...
Article
Esophageal myotomy
Esophageal myotomy (or Heller myotomy) is a procedure that can be performed to treat a lower esophageal sphincter that fails to relax (e.g. achalasia). The procedure involves a longitudinal incision of the distal esophageal musculature to break the sphincter tone.
A fundoplication wrap can be p...
Article
Rectal diverticulosis
Rectal diverticulosis (plural: diverticuloses) or the presence of diverticula in the rectum is very rare.
Epidemiology
Rectal diverticula are very rare with only scattered case reports in the global medical corpus, and symptomatic cases, e.g. rectal diverticulitis, are even rarer 1. It has bee...
Article
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Epidemiology
The most common cause of chronic ...
Article
Intestinal malrotation
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anatomical anomaly that results from an abnormal rotation of the gut as it returns to the abdominal cavity during embryogenesis.
In incomplete rotation, the midgut does not rotate more than 180°, thus cephalad (prearterial or proximal) portion of the midgu...
Article
Anthrax
Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis. There are four types of anthrax: inhalational anthrax (also known as woolsorter's disease and ragsorter's disease), cutaneous anthrax, injection anthrax and intestinal anthrax.
Epidemiology
The disease burden of anthrax decreased so dramatica...
Article
Superior rectal artery embolization
Superior rectal artery embolization is a minimally invasive endovascular technique that has a role in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding and as a potential option for the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease, this article will focus on the latter.
Procedure
Perfor...
Article
Peritoneal metastases
Peritoneal metastases are a relatively common location for metastases, particularly from tumors of the abdomen and pelvis, that generally imply a poor prognosis, often with a significant impact on palliation 1.
Terminology
If peritoneal metastases are of an epithelial origin (as most are) and ...
Article
Cecal volvulus
Cecal volvulus describes torsion of the cecum around its mesentery which often results in obstruction. If unrecognised, it can result in bowel perforation and fecal peritonitis.
Epidemiology
Cecal volvulus accounts for ~10% of all intestinal volvuluses, and generally occur in somewhat younger ...
Article
Amyand hernia
Amyand hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a rare form of inguinal hernia in which the vermiform appendix is located within the hernial sac. They are seen in less than 1% of inguinal hernias.
It should not be confused with an appendix-containing femoral hernia, known as a De Garengeot he...
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