Articles
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1,951 results found
Article
Styloid (disambiguation)
Styloid is an anatomic term that refers to a thin, slender and pointed bony structure resembling a stylus or pen. Apart from the classic styloid process of the temporal bone, elsewhere the bony process is often just pointed and not very slender or long at all.
Styloid processes are described in...
Article
Crystalline lens
The crystalline lens (or simply, the lens, plural: lenses) is in the ocular globe between the posterior chamber and the vitreous body. It is transparent and biconvex in morphology, and aids the focussing of light onto the retina.
Gross anatomy
Location
The lens lies in the globe at the poste...
Article
Temporomandibular joint disc
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc (or meniscus) is made of fibrocartilage and divides the temporomandibular joint into two compartments.
Gross anatomy
The disc is composed of fibrocartilage, with crimped collagen, thought to better absorb impact. It has a biconcave shape with a thicker p...
Article
Stuck temporomandibular joint disc
A stuck disc, also called anchored disc phenomenon, refers to a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc which does not translate anteriorly out of the mandibular fossa onto the articular eminence but rather remains (thus "stuck") in the fossa. It is a form of TMJ dysfunction.
Clinical presentation
...
Article
Ectopia lentis
Ectopia lentis refers to subluxation or dislocation of the lens of the eye secondary to dysfunction or disruption of zonular fibers. It is most commonly due to trauma. The commonest atraumatic etiologies are Marfan syndrome and homocystinuria.
Pathology
Etiology
trauma
systemic and syndromic...
Article
PET-CT indications
PET-CT is a combination of cross-sectional anatomic information provided by CT and the metabolic information provided by positron emission tomography (PET).
PET is most commonly performed with 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Fluorine-18 (F-18) is an unstable radioisotope and has a half-...
Article
Mandibular lesions
Mandibular lesions are myriad and common. The presence of teeth results in lesions that are specific to the mandible (and maxilla) and a useful classification that defines them as odontogenic or non-odontogenic. While it may often not be possible to make a diagnosis on imaging alone, this classi...
Article
Cirsoid aneurysm
Cirsoid aneurysms are rare arteriovenous malformations of the scalp and extremities.
Clinical presentation
Patients often present with a slow-growing pulsatile mass and may also experience bleeding, tinnitus and/or a headache 3.
Pathology
Cirsoid aneurysms develop due to an abnormal arteri...
Article
Dysphagia
Dysphagia refers to subjective awareness of difficulty or obstruction during swallowing. It is a relatively common and increasingly prevalent clinical problem. Odynophagia is the term for painful swallowing.
Fluoroscopy is the mainstay of imaging assessment but manometry can help evaluate the e...
Article
Jugular paraganglioma
Jugular paraganglioma (previously known as glomus jugulare) is a paraganglioma of the head and neck that is confined to the jugular fossa. While it is a rare tumor, it is the most common of the jugular fossa tumors.
Terminology
The term "glomus" was historically used to describe certain types ...
Article
Incisive canal cyst
Incisive canal cysts, also known as nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDC), are developmental, non-neoplastic cysts arising from degeneration of nasopalatine ducts. These ducts usually regress in fetal life. The persistence of ductal epithelium leads to formation of cyst.
It is considered the most comm...
Article
Labeled imaging anatomy cases
This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality.
Brain
CT head: non-contrast axial
CT head: non-contrast coronal
CT head: non-contrast sagittal
CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions
CT head: angiogram axial
CT head: angiogram coronal
...
Article
Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO)
Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is a chronic inflammatory cause of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus obstruction.
Epidemiology
Most commonly seen in middle-aged or elderly women.
Pathology
Etiology
The exact cause is still not very well known however it thought to be...
Article
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma, initially named low-grade sinonasal sarcoma with neural and myogenic features, is a rare low-grade sarcoma of the nasal and paranasal sinuses. The tumor exhibits both neural and myogenic differentiation and thus can be problematic to diagnose histologically as ele...
Article
Intratonsillar abscess
Intratonsillar abscesses, or simply tonsillar abscesses, are uncommon complications of tonsillitis in which pus accumulates focally in the parenchyma of the tonsil (within the capsule).
Epidemiology
They can occur in both children and adults, but their incidence is not well-defined. In a serie...
Article
Spindle cell lipoma
Spindle cell lipoma is a benign lesion in which mature fat is replaced by collagen-forming spindle cells 1,2.
Epidemiology
Spindle cell lipoma typically present in the middle aged to elderly men between the ages of 45 and 65 years 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Spindle cell lipoma has a signific...
Article
Parotitis
Parotitis refers to any inflammatory process affecting the parotid glands. It can be acute, chronic, focal, diffuse, unilateral or bilateral.
Parotitis may be part of generalized sialadenitis or may occur on its own.
Pathology
Unilateral
More common and often from infection/inflammation whic...
Article
Modified Memphis criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury
The modified Memphis criteria are a set of screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in trauma. The presence of one or more of these criteria makes necessary a complementary CTA or DSA study to exclude a BCVI.
The screening protocol criteria for BCVI are:
base of skull fractur...
Article
Stapediovestibular joint
The stapediovestibular joint is the fully-functional articulation between the stapes and the oval window. It has a key role in the transmission of sound vibrations in the middle ear to the fluid in the vestibule, and thence in the cochlea 2.
Gross anatomy
The annular ligament of the stapes, a...
Article
Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis
Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis or silent thyroiditis is a thyroid inflammatory condition, and a form of subacute thyroiditis.
Clinical presentation
Usually characterized by the subacute onset of mild hyperthyroid symptoms, with an absence of thyroidal pain or tenderness, followed sometimes ...
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