Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,981 results found
Article
Aortic intramural hematoma
Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is an atypical form of aortic dissection due to a contained hemorrhage into the aortic wall usually from the vasa vasorum without an intimal tear. It forms part of the acute aortic syndrome spectrum along with penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer and classical aorti...
Article
PET-CT indications
PET-CT is a combination of cross-sectional anatomic information provided by CT and the metabolic information provided by positron emission tomography (PET).
PET is most commonly performed with 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Fluorine-18 (F-18) is an unstable radioisotope and has a half-...
Article
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular anomalies of the lung, in which abnormally dilated vessels provide a pulmonary artery-to-pulmonary vein right-to-left shunt. They are generally considered direct high flow, low-resistance fistulous connections between the pulmonary ...
Article
Tertiary esophageal contractions
Tertiary esophageal contractions are non-propulsive contractions of the esophagus which are seen as uncoordinated contractions of the distal esophageal wall. Isolated tertiary esophageal waves of the non-repetitive type are thought to occur in normal subjects. Swallowing-induced repetitive terti...
Article
Silicosis
Silicosis (plural: silicoses) is a fibrotic pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of fine particles of crystalline silicon dioxide (silica). Certain occupations such as mining, quarrying, denim sandblasting 9 and tunneling are associated with silicosis.
Terminology
The disease occurs in two ...
Article
Dysphagia
Dysphagia refers to subjective awareness of difficulty or obstruction during swallowing. It is a relatively common and increasingly prevalent clinical problem. Odynophagia is the term for painful swallowing.
Fluoroscopy is the mainstay of imaging assessment but manometry can help evaluate the e...
Article
Viscera
The viscera (singular: viscus) refers to all the internal organs within the major cavities of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis. Therefore it does not include organs of the CNS, head and neck or musculoskeletal compartments nor does it encompass non-internal organs (e.g. the skin) 1.
Splanchnology...
Article
Labeled imaging anatomy cases
This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality.
Brain
CT head: non-contrast axial
CT head: non-contrast coronal
CT head: non-contrast sagittal
CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions
CT head: angiogram axial
CT head: angiogram coronal
...
Article
Right middle lobe collapse
Right middle lobe collapse (or simply termed middle lobe collapse) has distinctive features, but can be subtle on frontal chest radiographs.
For a general discussion please refer to the article on lobar collapse.
It is important to note that of all the lobes, the right middle lobe is the mo...
Article
Vertebral arteria lusoria
Vertebral arteria lusoria is an extremely rare anatomical variant of the aortic arch, whereby the right vertebral artery arises from the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery 1. The aberrant right vertebral artery has a retro-esophageal and retrotracheal course before entering a cervical tr...
Article
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is considered an uncommon variant of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) that preferentially affects the postcapillary pulmonary vasculature. It is still controversial if this condition and pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis (PCH) are varied expressions...
Article
Familial Mediterranean fever
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (also known as recurrent polyserositis) is a genetic autoimmune condition that is notable for its spontaneous self-limiting acute episodes of fever and serositis, especially peritonitis and synovitis.
Epidemiology
Familial Mediterranean fever tends to be ethn...
Article
Pseudochylothorax
A pseudochylothorax (plural: pseudochylothoraces), also known as a pseudochylous effusion, chyliform effusion, cholesterol effusion, or cholesterol pleurisy, is a rare cause of pleural effusion due to the accumulation of a cholesterol crystal-rich fluid within the pleural space.
Epidemiology
T...
Article
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis
A tumor-to-tumor metastasis, also known as a collision tumor, is a rare metastatic process in which a primary malignant tumor ('donor') metastasizes to another tumor ('recipient'), most commonly a benign tumor such as a meningioma.
Epidemiology
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is considered very rare...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. Although abnormalities in almost every aspect of the immune system have been found, the key defect is thought to result from a loss of self-tolerance to autoantigens.
Epidemiology
There is a strong...
Article
Hydatid disease
Hydatid cysts result from infection by the Echinococcus tapeworm species and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body.
Epidemiology
Cystic echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution. The Mediterranean basin is an important endemic area 6,7.
Pathology
There are two main...
Article
Pulmonary zygomycosis
Pulmonary zygomycosis was previously used term for an umbrella of pulmonary fungal species causing pulmonary fungal infection, which has been superseded by terms such as pulmonary mucormycosis. Previously, some publications have used two terms synonymously.
Article
Ground-glass opacification
Ground-glass opacification/opacity (GGO) is a descriptive term referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung on computed tomography (CT) with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. It is a non-specific sign with a wide etiology including infection, chronic interstitial disease an...
Article
IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease that is characterized by fibroinflammatory infiltration of various organs induced by plasma cells that express IgG4 (immunoglobulin G subclass 4).
Terminology
Since 2012, IgG4-related disease has become the preferred term 9,10. However, it h...
Article
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory disease that affects many organs but predominantly attacks the synovial tissues and joints.
Epidemiology
The overall prevalence is 0.5-1% and the disease is 2-3 times more common in women 1.
Onset is generally in adu...
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