Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,897 results found
Article
Subglottic stenosis
Subglottic stenosis is a condition characterized by narrowing of the subglottic airway (region below the vocal cords). It can be congenital or acquired 1.
Epidemiology
Subglottic stenosis is the third most common congenital airway abnormality. The incidence of subglottic stenosis has decreased...
Article
Subscapularis muscle
The subscapularis muscle is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff, the others being: supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor.
Summary
origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus and up to 40% may insert at surgical neck
some fibers ...
Article
Dental fracture
Dental fractures are often clinically apparent but can be overlooked in cases with associated facial fractures, especially as root fractures may be clinically occult.
Terminology
When both a tooth and alveolar process are fractured, the term dentoalveolar fracture may be used 1.
Pathology
...
Article
Diffuse bone marrow infiltration on MRI (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember differentials causing diffuse bone marrow infiltration on MRI. Bone marrow infiltration is best evaluated on T1 sequences and may be focal or diffuse. Focal infiltration is seen in metastases and lymphoma. The diffuse pattern is seen more commonly in multiple myeloma, mast...
Article
MRI contrast agents
MRI contrast agents have become an indispensable part of contemporary magnetic resonance imaging. Although MRI was initially hoped to provide a means of making definitive diagnoses without administering contrast media, it has been found that the addition of contrast agents in many cases improves...
Article
Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations
The Bado classification is one of the more widely used classifications for Monteggia fracture-dislocations and mainly focuses on the radial component. Four types are recognized and are generally based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same ...
Article
Open fracture
An open or compound fracture or dislocation (antonym: closed fracture) refers to a fracture or dislocation associated with soft tissue injury where the fractured bone or dislocated joint is in direct communication with the outside environment.
It is of surgical importance due to the high risk o...
Article
Hopkins syndrome
Hopkins syndrome is a rare poliomyelitis-like neurological syndrome that occurs following an episode of acute asthma.
Clinical presentation
It usually manifests as flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs, several days or weeks following an episode of acute asthma.
Pathology
The pathogenesis i...
Article
Cytotoxic cerebral edema
Cytotoxic cerebral edema refers to a type of cerebral edema, most commonly seen in cerebral ischemia, in which extracellular water passes into cells, resulting in their swelling.
The term is frequently used in clinical practice to denote the combination of true cytotoxic edema and ionic cerebr...
Article
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus or arteriosum (PDA) is a congenital cardiac anomaly where there is persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus, a normal connection of the fetal circulation between the aorta and the pulmonary arterial system that develops from the 6th aortic arch.
Epidemiology
Patent ...
Article
Trapped ventricle
Trapped ventricle, also known as isolated ventricle, is a condition in which there is an obstruction to the entry and exit path of CSF through the ventricle.
Clinical presentation
The presentation is that of increased intracranial pressure due to expanded trapped ventricle.
trapped temporal h...
Article
Hepatic solitary fibrous tumor
Hepatic solitary fibrous tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors.
Terminology
Historically, hepatic solitary fibrous tumors were known as hepatic hemangiopericytomas, however this term has now been abandoned.
Epidemiology
Fewer than 60 cases of hepatic solitary fibrous tumor have been reported i...
Article
Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation
Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) are, as the name suggests, tumors that fall between pineocytoma (well-differentiated, WHO grade 1) and pineoblastomas (poorly differentiated, WHO grade 4). They are considered WHO grade 2 or 3 tumors 4. Their radiographic appearan...
Article
Falx ossification
In discussing mineralization of the falx cerebri, many radiology textbooks use the term falx calcification and make no mention of falx ossification.
Epidemiology
Ossification of dural folds is relatively unusual; one study suggested a prevalence of falx ossification of 0.7% 1. Even though, os...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (Q)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter Q and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Pseudoendoleak
Pseudoendoleak is a color Doppler ultrasound phenomenon caused by spurious color signal in the aneurysm sac following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).
Radiographic features
Pseudoendoleak is defined as flow signal on color Doppler in the aneurysm sac following EVAR, without evidence of lea...
Article
Beta decay
Beta decay represents radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted. Beta particles may be either electrons or positrons (β- or β+), having negative or positive charge respectively. The kinetic energy of beta particles has a continuous spectrum.
Beta minus decay
If the number of neutro...
Article
Gastric varix
Gastric varices are an important portosystemic collateral pathway, occurring in ~20% of patients with portal hypertension. They are considered distinct from esophageal varices in that they have a propensity to hemorrhage at comparatively lower portal pressures 1, and are also associated with hig...
Article
Abnormally thickened endometrium (differential)
Abnormally thickened endometrium on imaging may occur for a number of reasons which may be categorized based on whether or not they are related to pregnancy. Etiologies may also be classified based on whether the patient is premenopausal or postmenopausal.
Differential diagnosis
Pregnancy-rela...
Article
Retroperitoneum
The retroperitoneum is the part of the abdominal cavity that lies between the posterior parietal peritoneum anteriorly and the posterior abdominal wall 4. It is C-shaped on axial cross-section with convexity projecting anteriorly in the mid-line.
Gross anatomy
The retroperitoneum is variably ...
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