Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,380 results found
Article
Non-AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma
Non-AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma is a localized process which rarely involves lymph nodes or organs.
For a discussion of Kaposi sarcoma in general, please refer to Kaposi sarcoma.
Epidemiology
Sporadic (non-AIDS associated) Kaposi sarcoma is mostly seen in elderly males from the Mediterr...
Article
Malignant vascular tumors
Malignant vascular tumors are rare, accounting for <1% of all sarcomas.
Pathology
intermediate grade
hemangioendothelioma
Kaposi sarcoma
high grade
hemangiopericytoma
angiosarcoma
Article
Tangential calcium sign
A tangential calcium sign is a sign seen with an aortic aneurysm rupture. The calcified intimal rim is discontinuous and is seen to tangentially point away from the aneurysmal lumen. This sign is seen at the point of breach. There is associated retroperitoneal leakage.
Article
Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia
Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia is a type of pulmonary vein atresia.
Clinical presentation
The condition usually present in infancy or childhood with recurrent episodes of pneumonia and/or hemoptysis. Presentation in adulthood does occur but is uncommon.
Pathology
It results from failure o...
Article
Vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) or type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS 4) is the most malignant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. This form is often accompanied by neurovascular complications secondary to vessel dissections and/or aneurysms.
Epidemiology
Vascular EDS represents about 4% of...
Article
Vertebral artery ectasia
Vertebral artery ectasia refers to an abnormal dilatation of the vertebral artery. It is also known as a dolichoarterial loop (of Danziger).
Clinical presentation
Symptoms occur due to radicular compression or pathologic fracture (rare) from extensive bone erosion. Generally, patients present ...
Article
Breast varix
Breast varix is, as the name suggests, varices in the breast that are focally dilated veins in the breast.
Pathology
If varices are seen bilaterally then a cause for central venous obstruction (superior vena cava syndrome) could be the underlying etiology with the varices being a part of the ...
Article
Breast aneurysm
Breast aneurysms are a rarely seen cause of a breast mass.
Pathology
Types
true aneurysm: occurs post trauma and is seen as a slowly enlarging pulsatile mass
false aneurysm / pseudoaneurysm: occurs in acute trauma, post percutaneous biopsy, due to spontaneous hemorrhage secondary to coagulop...
Article
Temporal tap maneuver
Temporal tap maneuver consists in tapping over the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery while assessing the carotid bifurcation on Doppler ultrasound aiming to produce a reflected flow in the external carotid artery (ECA) and thus helping to distinguish which vessel is being assessed: externa...
Article
Renal arterial cut-off sign
Renal arterial cut-off sign, as the name suggests, is an abrupt termination of the contrast-opacified lumen of the renal artery. It may or may not be associated with contrast extravasation.
It is seen in a vascular injury, e.g. segmental or main renal artery thrombosis or occlusion.
Article
Pseudovein sign (bowel)
The pseudovein sign can occur with active gastrointestinal bleeding where contrast extravasation during angiography may have a curvilinear appearance as it pools in the gastric rugae or mucosal folds of bowel, mimicking the appearance of a vein. However, contrast in the “pseudovein” persists bey...
Article
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is a rare cause of chronic lymphedema, arising in the setting of chronic nonfilarial lymphedema caused by bacterial or noninfectious obstruction of the lymphatics.
Clinical presentation
It presents mostly as grossly edematous and disfigured lower extremities, du...
Article
Double lumen cannula for VV ECMO
The double lumen cannula enables veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) to patients with severe respiratory failure. It is often used as a bridge to lung transplant.
The cannulation is usually performed via the right jugular vein. This position allows the patients to stay aw...
Article
Vascular pathology
Vascular pathologies are common and include:
arteriosclerosis
hypertension
fibromuscular dysplasia
inherited disorders of the vessel wall
aneurysms
dissection
thromboembolism
vasculitis
vasospasm
vascular trauma
intimal hyperplasia
tumors of blood vessels
congenital vascular anomali...
Article
Superior phrenic arteries
The superior phrenic arteries are small branches arising either side from the lower part of the thoracic aorta just before it passes through the aortic hiatus. They anastamose with the pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic arteries to supply the superior surface of the diaphragm.
Article
Radial recurrent artery
The radial recurrent artery is the largest lateral branch of the radial artery in the forearm, arising just after its origin. It courses proximally on supinator from its origin to form an arterial arcade with the anterior branch (radial collateral artery) of the profunda brachii (deep brachial) ...
Article
Cremasteric artery
The cremasteric artery is a small branch of the inferior epigastric artery that enters the deep inguinal ring of the inguinal canal and supplies the layers of the spermatic cord and also the skin of the scrotum, including the cremaster muscle.
History and etymology
The word "cremaster" derives...
Article
Superior thoracic artery
The superior thoracic artery is the only branch of the first part of the axillary artery. It is only a small and highly variable artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The superior thoracic artery originates from the first part of the axillary artery, just inferior to subclavius. It courses...
Article
Rhupus syndrome
Rhupus syndrome is a term traditionally used to describe patients uncommonly having the coexistence of
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Article
Cobweb sign of arterial dissection
The cobweb sign is seen in cases of arterial dissection (usually aortic dissection) on CT angiogram (CTA) examinations and represents strands or ribbons of media crossing the false lumen, and appearing as thin filiform filling defects.
Although it is a specific sign for the false lumen, it is i...
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