Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,981 results found
Article
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is an interstitial pneumonia closely related to and thought to represent the end stage of respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD). It is associated with heavy smoking.
Epidemiology
DIP is considered one of the rarest of idiopathic ...
Article
Situs inversus
Situs inversus, (rare plural: sitūs inversi) short form of the Latin “situs inversus viscerum”, is a term used to describe the inverted position of chest and abdominal organs.
Terminology
The condition is called situs inversus totalis when there is a total transposition of abdominal and thorac...
Article
Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease
Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) is a clinical diagnosis. The CT features are indistinguishable from respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) and should be reported as such.
Epidemiology
In almost all cases, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is associated wi...
Article
Lung shunt fraction
The hepato-pulmonary lung shunt fraction (LSF) is a parameter that is used to assess the safety of 90Y transarterial radioembolization/selective internal radiation therapy of liver tumors. Excessive arteriovenous shunting can cause radiation pneumonitis.
The lung shunt fraction = (total lung co...
Article
Metastatic glioblastoma
Metastatic glioblastoma is a rare progression of glioblastoma, with an incidence of 0.4-0.5% of all glioblastoma cases. The locations can be extraneural, such as leptomeninges and dural venous sinuses, or both extraneural and extracranial, such as solid organs and lymph nodes.
Epidemiology
In ...
Article
Bronchial wall thickening
Bronchial wall thickening is an imaging descriptor used to describe abnormal thickening of bronchial walls and can arise from a vast number of pathological entities. It is one of the causes of peribronchial cuffing.
The presence of bronchial wall thickening usually (but not always) implies infl...
Article
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is a controversial and poorly defined entity. Smoking-related lung diseases can coexist and the combination of emphysema and fibrosis carries a high risk of pulmonary hypertension and a poor prognosis.
Epidemiology
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphy...
Article
Pulmonary mucormycosis
Pulmonary mucormycosis is an opportunistic pulmonary fungal infection from a fungus belonging to the order Mucorales.
Pulmonary mucormycosis has to be distinguished from the related counterpart invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) as modern first-line antifungals typically used for aspergillo...
Article
Left atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement (LAE) may result from many conditions, either congenital or acquired. It has some characteristic findings on a frontal chest radiograph. CT or MRI may also be used for diagnosis.
Clinical presentation
An enlarged left atrium can have many clinical implications, such as:...
Article
Medical devices in the thorax
Medical devices in the thorax are regularly observed by radiologists when reviewing radiographs and CT scans.
Extrathoracic devices
tubing, clamps, syringes, scissors, lying on or under the patient
rubber sheets, foam mattresses, clothing, hair braids, nipple piercings, etc., may also be visi...
Article
Substernal goiter
Substernal goiter, or retrosternal goiter, is an enlarged thyroid gland with intrathoracic extension.
Terminology
It remains unclear which goiters are to be termed substernal, but a proposed definition is a goiter that requires mediastinal exploration and dissection for complete removal or an ...
Article
Unilateral pulmonary edema
Unilateral pulmonary edema represents only 2% of cardiogenic pulmonary edema with predilection for the right upper lobe and is strongly associated with severe mitral regurgitation 1,2. It is hypothesized that the regurgitation jet is directed towards the right superior pulmonary vein thus prefer...
Article
Right heart strain
Right heart strain (or more precisely right ventricular strain) is a term given to denote the presence of right ventricular dysfunction usually in the absence of an underlying cardiomyopathy. It can manifest as an acute right heart syndrome.
Pathology
Right heart strain can often occur as a re...
Article
Pulmonary nocardiosis
Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infrequent but severe opportunistic infection typified by necrotic or cavitary consolidation in an immunocompromised patient. It is caused by Nocardia spp.
Epidemiology
The condition is rare in general. Immunocompromised patients, particularly those with impaired ce...
Article
Interlobular septa
The interlobular septa (singular: interlobular septum) are located between the secondary pulmonary lobules and are continuous with both the subpleural interstitium (peripheral connective tissue) and the peribronchovascular interstitium (axial connective tissue) as well as the more delicate intra...
Article
Intralobular septa
The intralobular septa (sing: septum) are delicate strands of connective tissue separating adjacent pulmonary acini and primary pulmonary lobules. They are continuous with the interlobular septa which surround and define the secondary pulmonary lobules.
See also
HRCT terminology
Article
Catamenial pneumothorax
Catamenial pneumothorax occurs in women of child-bearing age and, by definition occurs within 72 hours before or after the onset of menstruation. Pneumothorax may be recurrent and there may be a history of pelvic endometriosis. Around 90% of pneumothoraces occur on the right.
Epidemiology
The ...
Article
Congestive cardiac failure
Congestive cardiac failure (CCF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) or simply heart failure, refers to the clinical syndrome caused by inherited or acquired abnormalities of heart structure and function, causing a constellation of symptoms and signs that lead to decreased quality and ...
Article
Diaphragmatic slips
Diaphragmatic slips are the muscular bundles that attach the central tendon of the diaphragm to the inside of the bones and cartilage of the lower 6-7 ribs, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae 1. They can mimic or help identify pathology when seen on imaging modalities.
Mimics
Diaphragmatic slip...
Article
Left horizontal fissure
The left horizontal (or minor) fissure is an accessory fissure found in 1.6-8% of individuals 1,3,4.
Gross anatomy
The left horizontal fissure separates the lingula from the rest of the left upper lobe (anterior-apicoposterior segments). The segmental anatomy of the left lung is preserved, des...
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