Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,463 results found
Article
Malignant esophageal neoplasms
Malignant esophageal neoplasms are much more common than benign esophageal neoplasms, especially if the patient is symptomatic.
Pathology
esophageal carcinoma (90%)
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
esophageal spindle cell carcinoma
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal neuroendocri...
Article
Complications following gastric banding
There are many complications that can occur following gastric banding. It is helpful to divide these into early and late post-surgical complications.
Clinical presentation
Although the exact mode of presentation can vary depending on the underlying complication common modes of presentation tha...
Article
Gastric band malposition
Gastric band malposition is an early complication from laparoscopic gastric band procedures which are performed for obesity. It can occur as in isolation or with other gastric band complications.
As surgical experience of laparoscopic gastric banding has accumulated, it has become a relatively ...
Article
Gastrointestinal schwannoma
Gastrointestinal schwannomas are extremely rare mesenchymal neoplasms which arise in relation to the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
They are reported to typically present at about the 3rd to 5th decades of life 4.
Clinical presentation
Patients are often asymptomatic but may occasional...
Article
Appendiceal mucocele
Appendiceal mucoceles occur when obstruction of the appendiceal lumen causes mucus to accumulate and progressively distend the appendix. The term describes an imaging appearance rather than a pathological entity. The underlying causes lie on a spectrum between benign obstruction with retention c...
Article
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN), previously known as appendiceal mucinous cystadenomas, are rare mucinous tumors of the appendix showing low-grade cytologic atypia, cf. high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.
Terminology
Considerable controversy still exists on mucinous neo...
Article
Gastric cancer (TNM staging)
Gastric cancer staging is routinely performed using the TNM staging system. This article is based on the 8th edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumors. This is technically the clinical TNM staging (cTNM).
cTNM staging (8th edition)
T
Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0: no ev...
Article
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma, commonly, although erroneously, referred to as gastric cancer, refers to a primary malignancy arising from the gastric epithelium. It is the most common gastric malignancy. It is the third most common GI malignancy following colon and pancreatic carcinoma.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Hiccups
Hiccups (or hiccoughs), medical term singultus (rare plural: singultūs), are an unpleasant phenomenon, experienced by everyone on occasion, and usually self-limiting. However the much rarer intractable chronic form can be extremely debilitating.
Epidemiology
Hiccups are a symptom that has prob...
Article
Intrapancreatic accessory spleen
An intrapancreatic accessory spleen is a splenunculus within the pancreatic parenchyma.
Differentiating this finding from other pancreatic neoplasms is important to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Epidemiology
Intrapancreatic splenunculi are not as rare as previously thought and their incidence ra...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
Normal gastrointestinal tract imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Plain radiograph
abdominal film
example 1
example 2: erect and supine
example 3: pediatric
example 4: pediatric
example 5: young adult male
Barium studies
barium ...
Article
Acute necrotic collection
Acute necrotic collections (ANCs) are an early, local complication of necrotizing pancreatitis.
Terminology
The following are the latest terms according to the updated Atlanta classification to describe fluid collections associated with acute pancreatitis 1,2:
fluid collections in interstitia...
Article
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal stricture refers to any persistent intrinsic narrowing of the esophagus.
Terminology
The term peptic stricture refers specifically to those benign esophageal strictures caused by chronic acid reflux, although some - incorrectly - use it more loosely to refer to any benign esophagea...
Article
Colovesical fistula
Colovesical fistulas are communications between the lumen of the colon and that of the bladder, either directly or via an intervening abscess cavity (foyer intermediaire). When the communication is between the rectum and urinary bladder, the term rectovesical fistula is used.
Epidemiology
The ...
Article
Ingested foreign bodies in children
Ingested foreign bodies in children are common as the world is a curious place to young children, who will put anything and everything into their mouth and will often inadvertently swallow.
The usual practice is for an x-ray of the chest and abdomen to identify a foreign body.
Epidemiology
T...
Article
Stab wound (overview)
Stab wounds are a form of penetrating trauma that may be self-inflicted or inflicted by another person either accidentally or intentionally. They may be caused by a variety of objects and may occur anywhere in the body.
Terminology
Although commonly caused by a knife as well, slash injuries di...
Article
Gastro-esophageal reflux grading
Gastro-oesophagal reflux grading is based on the vertical height that contrast-media reaches during fluoroscopy 1:
grade I: reflux in the distal esophagus
grade II: reflux up to or just above the carina
grade III: reflux into cervical esophagus
grade IV: reflux in the cervical esophagus with...
Article
Siewert-Stein classification of esophageal adenocarcinoma
The Siewert-Stein classification of esophageal adenocarcinoma classes tumors of the gastro-esophageal junction according to the relationship between the epicenter of the tumor and the gastro-esophageal junction 1. The classification system was initially proposed by Siewert et al in 1996, becomin...
Article
Esophagus
The esophagus (plural: esophagi or esophaguses) is a muscular tube that conveys food and fluids from the pharynx to the stomach. It forms part of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Gross anatomy
The esophagus is 23-37 cm long with a diameter of 1-2 cm and is divided into three parts:
cervical:...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.