Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
620 results found
Article
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma refers to a teratoma arising in the sacrococcygeal region. The coccyx is almost always involved 6.
Epidemiology
It is the most common congenital tumor in fetus 11 and neonate 3. The incidence is estimated at ~1:35,000-40,000. There is a recognized female predilection wi...
Article
Uterine rupture
Uterine rupture is a rare but nevertheless potentially catastrophic complication that can occur in pregnancy.
Epidemiology
The incidence rate in pregnancy is 0.05% 6.
Clinical presentation
Uterine rupture is usually an acute presentation with hemodynamic instability and abdominal discomfo...
Article
Krukenberg tumor
Krukenberg tumor, also known as carcinoma mucocellulare, refers to the "signet ring" subtype of metastatic tumor to the ovary. The stomach followed by colon are the two most common primary tumors to result in ovarian metastases, followed by breast, lung, and contralateral ovarian primary tumors....
Article
H and M lines (pelvic floor)
The H and M lines are reference lines for the pelvic floor on imaging studies and help detect and grade pelvic floor prolapse on defecography studies.
The H line is drawn from the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis to the posterior aspect of the anorectal junction, and represents the diamet...
Article
Hematocolpos
Hematocolpos is a term given to a blood-filled dilated vagina due to menstrual blood in the setting of an anatomical obstruction, usually an imperforate hymen. When there is concurrent uterine distention, the term hematometrocolpos is used.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with ameno...
Article
Vaginal stenosis
Vaginal stenosis refers to a narrowing of the vagina, it can be congenital or acquired.
Clinical presentation
dyspareunia
painful pelvic examination
Complications
retrograde menstruation
Pathology
Causes
Acquired causes include:
iatrogenic
scarring from prior pelvic irradiation - brach...
Article
Body packing
Body packing refers to the internal concealment of drugs within the gastrointestinal tract or other orifices. People who do this may be called body packers, (drug) mules, stuffers, couriers or swallowers. Drugs may be concealed within condoms, foil, latex or cellophane.
Epidemiology
There is ...
Article
Diffuse uterine adenomyosis
Diffuse uterine adenomyosis is the most common of uterine adenomyosis. For the discussion of adenomyosis, please refer to the parent article - adenomyosis of the uterus.
Epidemiology
Diffuse adenomyosis may account for ~2/3rd of uterine adenomyosis.
Pathology
Diffuse adenomyosis can be even ...
Article
Pyrexia
Pyrexia (or fever) is a clinical sign, indicated by an abnormally elevated core body temperature, which is defined by several medical societies as ≥38.3°C (≥≈101°F). The temperature elevation may be persistent or episodic. If the body temperature is greater than 41.5°C - a rare phenomenon - it i...
Article
Urogenital diaphragm
The urogenital diaphragm is a historical term describing a structure or structures in the perineum. The term is still in frequent use despite not appearing in Terminologia Anatomica.
Most descriptions of the diaphragm relate to a discoid space between the superficial and deep fasciae of the per...
Article
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin (sarcoma) that originate from the soft tissues rather than bone. They are classified on the basis of tissue seen on histology. The more common sarcomas in the adult and pediatric populations are listed below...
Article
Vesicovaginal reflux
Vesicovaginal reflux is a well-known entity rarely encountered by radiologists. It is a behavioral disorder, a type of dysfunctional elimination syndrome commonly encountered in pre-pubertal girls. It is defined as reflux of urine into the vaginal vault either in supine or upright position durin...
Article
Vulvar varices
Vulvar varices (or vulval) are dilated superficial veins of the external female genitalia, which are primarily seen during pregnancy and usually resolve spontaneously postpartum.
Epidemiology
Vulvar varicosities are seen in up to 4% of pregnant females in the vulvar and perivulvar region, and ...
Article
Asherman syndrome
Asherman syndrome, also known as uterine synechiae, is a condition characterized by the formation of intrauterine adhesions, which are usually sequela from injury to the endometrium and is often associated with infertility.
Epidemiology
There is a tendency for the condition to develop soon aft...
Article
Arcuate uterus
An arcuate uterus is a mildly variant shape of the uterus. It is technically one of the Müllerian duct anomalies, but is often classified as a normal variant. It is the uterine anomaly that is least commonly associated with reproductive failure. Arcuate uterus can be characterized with ultrasoun...
Article
Adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
Adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary is a type of ovarian sex cord / stromal tumor. They are by far the most frequent subtype of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (95%) and are commoner than the juvenile granulosa tumor of the ovary.
Epidemiology
Approximately two-thirds of this subtype ar...
Article
CT abdomen-pelvis (protocol)
The CT abdomen-pelvis protocol serves as an outline for an examination of the whole abdomen including the pelvis. It is one of the most common CT protocols for any clinical questions related to the abdomen and/or in routine and emergencies. It forms also an integral part of trauma and oncologic ...
Article
Salpingitis
Salpingitis refers to inflammation of the fallopian tube. It can be a feature of pelvic inflammatory disease 1.
See also
salpingitis isthmica nodosa
Article
Valsalva maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver is the forced expiration of air against a closed airway, resulting in increased intra-abdominal, intrathoracic, and pharyngeal pressure. It can be performed against a closed glottis or by one closing the mouth and pinching the nose while forcibly exhaling.
It is commonly u...
Article
Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts usually result from hemorrhage into a corpus luteum or other functional cyst. Radiographic features are variable depending on the age of the hemorrhage. They typically resolve within 8 weeks.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with sudden-onset pelvic pain, p...
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