Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
3,362 results found
Article
Interlobular septa
The interlobular septa (singular: interlobular septum) are located between the secondary pulmonary lobules and are continuous with both the subpleural interstitium (peripheral connective tissue) and the peribronchovascular interstitium (axial connective tissue) as well as the more delicate intra...
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Intralobular septa
The intralobular septa (sing: septum) are delicate strands of connective tissue separating adjacent pulmonary acini and primary pulmonary lobules. They are continuous with the interlobular septa which surround and define the secondary pulmonary lobules.
See also
HRCT terminology
Article
Polyorchidism
Polyorchidism, also known as supernumerary testes, refers to the presence of more than two testes and is a very rare congenital anomaly. The supernumerary testis can be usually located inside the scrotum (75% of the patients) or less commonly in the inguinal canal, the retroperitoneum, or the ab...
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Left horizontal fissure
The left horizontal (or minor) fissure is an accessory fissure found in 1.6-8% of individuals 1,3,4.
Gross anatomy
The left horizontal fissure separates the lingula from the rest of the left upper lobe (anterior-apicoposterior segments). The segmental anatomy of the left lung is preserved, des...
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Inferior accessory fissure of the lung
The inferior accessory fissure of the lung, also known as Twining's line, divides the medial basal bronchopulmonary segment from the rest of the lower lobe 4.
Epidemiology
This accessory fissure is present in around 12% of people when examined with CT 3and is visible on 8% of PA chest x-rays 4...
Article
Superior accessory fissure
The superior accessory fissure is present in around 5% of individuals examined with CT 4 and PA chest X-rays 5.
Gross anatomy
The superior accessory fissure of the right lower lobe is located in the same plane and posterior to the right transverse (minor) fissure. It separates the right lower ...
Article
Subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane
The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) is a fourth meningeal layer which compartmentalises the subarachnoid space into two functional compartments.
Gross anatomy
The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane is only a few cells thin layer, which renders it invisible using current clinical ...
Article
Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease
The Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease is a classic radiology text that was first published in 1973, and is now in its ninth edition (2012) 1,3. The first - and all subsequent - editions, were written by an American radiologist Theodore Eliot Keats (1924-2010) who died d...
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Lumbar plexus (mnemonic)
Handy mnemonics to recall the branches of the lumbar plexus are:
Indecent Ian Gets Laid On Fridays Luckily
Itchy Igor Gets Laid On Fridays Luckily
(ItcHy - iliohypogastric, IGor - ilioinguinal)
I (twice) Get Laid On Fridays
I (twice) Get Leftovers On Fridays
IIGLO For aLl
IIGLO is used i...
Article
Glenoid bare spot
The glenoid bare spot, or glenoid bare area, is a small central or slightly eccentric area of the inferior glenoid fossa, where the articular cartilage is markedly thinner or completely absent 2. It is considered to be a normal aging-related phenomenon 1.
Epidemiology
The glenoid bare spot can...
Article
Nigrosomes
Nigrosomes are small clusters of dopaminergic cells within the substantia nigra that exhibit calbindin D28K negativity on immunohistochemistry. Five nigrosomes measuring up to a few millimeters in size have been described with the largest labeled as nigrosome-1 1.
Nigrosome-1
Nigrosome-1 withi...
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Extensor compartments of the wrist
The forearm extensor tendonspass under the extensor retinaculum at the level of the wrist. The ligament is divided into six extensor compartments, separated by fibrous septa passing to the bones of the forearm 2.
Summary
The compartments in order from radial to ulnar are:
1st compartment:
ab...
Article
Carpal tunnel
The carpal tunnel is a fibro-osseous canal in the anterior (volar) wrist that acts as a passageway for structures between the anterior forearm and the hand.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
superficial border (roof): flexor retinaculum
deep border (floor): carpal groove (formed by palmar aspect of c...
Article
Maxilla
The maxillae (or maxillary bones) are a pair of symmetrical bones joined at the midline, which form the middle third of the face. Each maxilla forms the floor of the nasal cavity and parts of its lateral wall and roof, the roof of the oral cavity, contains the maxillary sinus, and contributes mo...
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Mandible
The mandible is the single midline bone of the lower jaw. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles (angle of the jaw). It articulates with both temporal bones at the mandibular fo...
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Teeth
The teeth (singular: tooth; collective term: dentition) can be both primary and secondary, with the eruption of permanent teeth occurring over a long period between the ages of 6 and 24 years. When an individual has a complete set of teeth, they are said to be dentate, if some are missing they a...
Article
External ear
The external ear (or outer ear) comprises the auricle (or pinna), the external auditory meatus, and the tympanic membrane ("eardrum"). The auricle concentrates and amplifies sound waves and funnels them through the outer acoustic pore into the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane.
...
Article
Pleura
The pleura (plural: pleurae) is an exceedingly delicate serous membrane which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac that encloses the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.
Gross anatomy
The pleura divides into:
visceral pleura which covers the surface of the lung and dips into th...
Article
Superior mediastinum
The superior mediastinum is an artificially divided wedge-shaped compartment of the mediastinum located between the thoracic plane inferiorly and the thoracic inlet superiorly. The inferior mediastinum, comprising of the anterior, middle, and posterior parts, lies inferiorly.
Gross anatomy
Bou...
Article
Temporal bone
The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones.
Gross anatomy
The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:
squamous pa...
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