Articles
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538 results found
Article
iNPH Radscale
The iNPH Radscale is a reproducible semiquantified grading scale for the imaging findings of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
Scale
The iNPH Radscale uses the following imaging findings on both CT and MRI 1,4:
Evans index
≤0.25: 0 points
0.26-0.3: 1 point
>0.3: 2 points
narrow parieta...
Article
Depositional arthropathy
Depositional arthropathy refers to a group of joint disorders caused by the depositional of substances within and/or around joints.
Diseases include:
crystal arthropathy
calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD)
gout
hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease (HADD)
haemop...
Article
Jefferson classification
The Jefferson classification of atlas (C1) fractures describes the sites of fracture.
Classification
The original Jefferson classification had descriptions without numbers 1. The types were later assigned to numbers by some authors but the order has been inconsistent 2,3. Therefore, referring ...
Article
Cervical spine fracture classification systems
There are several cervical spine fracture/injury classification systems. These can be divided by site and are listed below in order of recency:
upper cervical spine (including craniocervical junction) injuries 1
AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries
occipital condyle fractures
T...
Article
Triplane fracture
Triplane or triplanar fractures are of the distal tibia only occurring in adolescents. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture.
It comprises of:
a ...
Article
Canadian Neurological Scale
The Canadian Neurological Scale is a validated tool to evaluate stroke severity 1,2 designed to be performed on patients who are alert or drowsy. Patients who are stuporous or comatose are evaluated with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) instead.
Classification
Section A is completed first. In the ...
Article
Classification systems of Charcot arthropathy
There are several classification systems used to classify Charcot arthropathy. The Eichenholtz classification of Charcot arthropathy is one such classification and uses a temporal-based approach 1. Another classification system is the Brodsky classification which uses an anatomical approach 1. B...
Article
Tillaux fracture
Tillaux fractures are Salter-Harris III fractures through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis, with variable amounts of displacement.
Epidemiology
It occurs in older children and adolescents when the medial aspect of the distal tibial growth plate has started to fuse.
Path...
Article
ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies
The ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies encompasses all vascular malformations and tumors in a framework of internationally consistent nomenclature.
Usage
It is one of the two most widely used classification systems, the other being the Hamburg classification system of vascular malform...
Article
DeBakey classification
The DeBakey classification, along with the Stanford classification, is used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management.
Both the Stanford and DeBakey systems can be used to describe all forms of the acute aortic sy...
Article
Lichtman classification of Kienböck disease
The Lichtman classification is the most used classification system when assessing Kienböck disease.
The Lichtman classification is proposed to guide management and assess prognosis.
Classification
stage 0: prenecrotic
stage I: normal radiograph, osteonecrosis noticeable on MRI or bone scan
...
Article
AAST kidney injury scale
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury scale, most recently updated in 2018, is the most widely used grading system for renal trauma.
The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for viscera...
Article
Graf method for ultrasound classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip
The Graf method for ultrasound classification system for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants describes both alpha and beta angles.
As a general rule, the alpha angle determines the type, and the beta angle determines the subtype. The angle is formed by the acetabular roof to the...
Article
Modified Choi classification of common bile duct duplication
Modified Choi classification of common bile duct duplication is a widely used system for classifying the rare duplication of the extrahepatic biliary tree. 1-3:
type I: distal septum splitting the bile duct lumen
type II: bifurcation of the distal bile duct with each lumen draining independent...
Article
Smoker's criteria
Smoker’s criteria use three quantitative measures of basilar artery morphology to diagnose dolichoectasia:
laterality
bifurcation height as a surrogate measure for tortuosity and elongation
basilar artery diameter represents the degree of dilatation
The application of Smoker’s criteria pro...
Article
Cervical degenerative spondylosis (grading)
Cervical degenerative disease is extremely common. Cervical spondylosis can be graded using a very old but reliable classification devised by Jonas Kellgren et al 1,2. It is based on findings on a lateral cervical spine radiograph although it can also be applied to MRI evaluation of spine.
The ...
Article
Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS)
The Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS) is an algorithm developed and proposed by the Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee of the Society of Skeletal Radiology for the diagnostic workup of incidentally encountered solitary bone lesions in adults on MRI and/or CT 1. It has...
Article
Kang grading system of cervical canal stenosis
The Kang grading system of cervical canal stenosis is used to grade the severity of cervical canal stenosis as demonstrated on MRI. It is derived from the earlier Muhle staging system 1,2.
It categorizes cervical stenosis into four grades from 0 to 3 according to the severity of spinal cord com...
Article
Lumbar foraminal stenosis
Lumbar foraminal stenosis or lumbar neuroforaminal stenosis is described as narrowing of the neural exit foramina. The patency of the neural exit foramina is assessed as part of the routine evaluation of lumbar MRI studies to determine what impact, if any, the surrounding structures have on the ...
Article
Suzuki staging system for moyamoya disease
The staging system for moyamoya disease was first described by Suzuki and Takaku in their seminal 1969 article 1 and is still in use today. Formally, the staging refers to findings on conventional angiography, although there are efforts to apply similar systems to MR angiography 2.
Classificati...
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