Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,380 results found
Article
Ascending cervical artery
The ascending cervical artery is a paired artery from the lower neck that supplies deep neck muscles and most commonly originates from the inferior thyroid artery.
Gross anatomy
Location
The ascending cervical artery travels upwards in the neck, lateral and parallel to the vertebral artery, w...
Article
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is the dome-shaped skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, enclosing the inferior thoracic aperture.
Terminology
On chest imaging, in particular chest radiography, an imaginary anteroposterior midline divides the diaphragm into two halves, fo...
Article
Aortopulmonary septal defect
Aortopulmonary septal defect (APSD) is a congenital anomaly where there is an abnormal communication between the proximal aorta and the pulmonary trunk in the presence of separate aortic and pulmonary valves.
Terminology
APSD should not be confused with the radiographic term aortopulmonary win...
Article
Diaphragmatic apertures
The diaphragmatic apertures are a series of apertures that permit the passage of structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. There are three main apertures:
aortic hiatus (T12 level, not a true aperture):
contains the aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
esophageal hiatus (T10 level)...
Article
Lung hilum
The lung hila or roots are found on the medial aspect of each lung and transmit structures between the lung and mediastinum. The left and right lung roots are similar but not identical. The roots of the lung lie between T5 to T7 vertebrae 5.
The hilar point is a point where the upper lobe vein ...
Article
Sonographic halo sign (disambiguation)
Sonographic halo sign can be useful in a number of situations:
hypoechoic halo sign (also known as target or bull's eye sign) in liver metastases: used in hepatobiliary imaging, is a concerning feature for malignant lesion if the lesion is a hyperechoic liver lesion 1,2
ultrasound halo in angi...
Article
Sheehan vessels
Sheehan vessels refer to vessels that arise from neovascularity that develops due to pulmonary hypertension, particularly, but not exclusively, in the context of Eisenmenger syndrome.
Pathology
The exact pathogenesis of Sheehan vessels has not been fully elucidated, but it is felt that neovasc...
Article
Thyrocervical trunk
The thyrocervical trunk is one of the 3 branches of the first part of the subclavian artery and gives off numerous branches to supply viscera of the neck, the brachial plexus, neck muscles, and the scapular anastomosis.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The trunk arises lateral to the vertebral artery fro...
Article
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia is the second most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia, with a higher incidence in hospitalized and critical care patients.
Epidemiology
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia accounts for ~25% (range 20-30%) of acute mesenteric ischemia. It most commonly af...
Article
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Basal ganglia hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually result from poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although they also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebr...
Article
Jet hematoma
A jet or flame-shaped hemorrhage is a term sometimes used to describe an intraparenchymal hematoma adjacent to a ruptured arterial vascular malformation, such as aneurysms (most common) or dural arteriovenous fistulae or arteriovenous malformations 1,2. It usually is seen in combination with sub...
Article
Beak sign (arterial dissection)
The beak sign of arterial dissection is the acute angle formed at the edge of the false lumen in aortic dissection in axial cross-section. It is formed by the borders of the outer aortic wall and the intimal flap, and may be partially thrombosed (blunted beak). It is a reliable characteristic th...
Article
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of cardiac diagnoses along a spectrum of severity due to the interruption of coronary blood flow to the myocardium, which in decreasing severity are:
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
unstable an...
Article
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), also known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome (BWG), is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly and is considered one of the most severe of such anomalies.
There are two forms, based on the onset of the disease, each of which has...
Article
Accessory renal artery
Accessory renal arteries are a common variant of the renal arteries. They are present in ~25% (range 20-30%) of the population and bilateral in ~10% 1. Accurate identification is of utmost importance for surgical planning prior to live donor transplantation 2,3 and renal artery embolization for ...
Article
Anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA), is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly and is considered one of the most severe of such anomalies.
Epidemiology
This abnormality only accounts for less than 0.1% of all congenital cardiac anomalies 1 and is up to four ti...
Article
Fetal posterior cerebral artery
A fetal (origin of the) posterior cerebral artery is a common variant in the posterior cerebral circulation, estimated to occur in 20-30% of individuals 2.
A fetal posterior communicating artery (PCom) describes a situation whereby the PCom is larger than the P1 segment of the posterior cerebra...
Article
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome
The drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome typically manifests as a skin rash, fever, lymph nodal enlargement with variable internal organ involvement, and represents a hypersensitivity reaction to medication.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation can be vari...
Article
Stag's antler sign (lungs)
The stag's antler sign, also known as the hands-up or inverted moustache sign, refers to upper lobe pulmonary venous diversion in pulmonary venous hypertension or pulmonary edema as seen on an erect frontal chest radiograph.
The prominence of upper lobe pulmonary veins resembles a stag's antler...
Article
Clot meniscus sign (angiography)
The clot meniscus sign, or simply the meniscus sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on digital subtraction angiography in the setting of endovascular clot retrieval for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion.
The sign describes the angiographic appearance of the proximal occ...
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