Items tagged “case2”
135 results found
Article
Volar tilt
Volar tilt, or palmar tilt, is an important measurement in the evaluation of distal radius fractures and radial deformities.
Measurement
The volar tilt is assessed on the lateral radiograph of the wrist, it corresponds to the angle formed by a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the radial...
Article
Passive atelectasis
Passive atelectasis, also known as relaxation atelectasis, is a form of lung atelectasis due to the loss of the negative pressure state in the pleural space.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation would depend on the extent of atelectasis and how quickly it develops. Small and gradual...
Article
Gravity-dependent atelectasis
Gravity-dependent atelectasis refers to a form of lung atelectasis that occurs in the dependent portions of the lungs.
Pathology
Gravity-dependent atelectasis occurs due to a combination of reduced alveolar volume and increased perfusion. Due to gravity, it usually has a dependent and subpleur...
Article
Coarse trabecular pattern in bone (differentials)
Coarse trabecular bones can result from a number of causes 1,2:
Paget disease (bone)
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
rickets
hemaglobinopathies, e.g. thalassemia, chronic iron deficiency anemia 3
Gaucher's disease
hyperparathyroidism
See also
coarse trabecular pattern in bone (mnemonic)
Article
Preduodenal portal vein
Preduodenal portal vein (PDPV) is a rare congenital vascular disorder resulting in the portal vein main trunk passing anteriorly to the duodenum 1.
Clinical presentation
In ~50% of patients, a preduodenal portal vein was found incidentally through laparotomy or imaging for other reasons. If pa...
Article
Epidural spinal cord compression scale
The epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) scale, sometimes known eponymously as the Bilsky scale, is used to assess the degree to which vertebral body metastasis compromises the spinal canal and whether cord compression is present. It may serve as a guide as to when intervention (radiotherapy ...
Article
Muscle tear
Muscle tears or strains are common injuries, both in athletes and non-athletes.
Terminology
Muscle strain is a term that is used variably clinically and in the medical literature. The Munich consensus statement (expert level evidence) states muscle tear is the preferred term denoting "structu...
Article
Plantaris friction syndrome
Plantaris friction syndrome is a rare cause of Achilles tendinopathy.
Pathology
While its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, some authors suggest that it may relate to the presence of a compressive tendinopathy between the Achilles tendon and plantaris tendon with resultant inflammation ...
Article
Aortic root dilatation
Aortic root dilatation refers to abnormal enlargement of the aortic root which may be focally aneurysmal or a more diffuse ectasia.
Clinical presentation
Aortic root dilatation is often completely asymptomatic and found incidentally 2. In rare instances, it may present with a catastrophic comp...
Article
Falling snow sign (spermatocele)
The falling snow sign describes the appearance of movement of internal echoes in spermatoceles away from the transducer, resulting in an appearance similar to falling snow when color Doppler is applied. The sign can be used to aid in the diagnosis of a spermatocele.
Article
Airway-centered interstitial fibrosis
Airway-centered interstitial fibrosis is a type of interstitial lung disease first proposed in 2004 2. It is still unclear (c.2015) whether it represents a variant of preexisting interstitial lung disease (such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis or organizing pneumonia) or constitutes a separate en...
Article
High-riding brachiocephalic artery
A high-riding brachiocephalic artery is a rare variant of the neck vessels in which the brachiocephalic artery passes much more superiorly than normally. It is a clinically important variant, as mistaking it for a neck lump and sampling it or neck surgery in the region may cause a devastating he...
Article
Costochondritis
Costochondritis (rare plural: costochondritides) is a common, usually self-limiting, painful inflammation of one or multiple costochondral junctions and/or the costosternal articulation. There is usually a distinct absence of swelling and chest wall palpation usually reproduces the pain.
It is...
Article
Methotrexate-induced myelopathy
Methotrexate-induced myelopathy is an uncommon toxic manifestation of intrathecal methotrexate administration that closely mimics subacute combined degeneration of the cord but with normal vitamin B12 and copper 1,2. It is far less common than methotrexate-related leukoencephalopathy.
Epidemiol...
Article
Os peroneum syndrome
Os peroneum syndrome, also known as painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS), refers to a wide spectrum of conditions associated with an os peroneum at the lateral aspect of the foot. It can result in tenosynovitis and/or discontinuity of the fibularis longus tendon.
It can include one or more of th...
Article
Cinematic rendering
Cinematic rendering is a novel 3D rendering algorithm that produces a more photorealistic representation of 3D images with enhanced depth and shape perception than achieved with standard volume rendering (VR) 1. It was developed by Siemens Healthineers 2. This technique has been FDA approved for...
Article
Patellotrochlear index
Patellotrochlear index is one of the methods to determine patellar height.
Measurement
The patellotrochlear index is measured on a sagittal MR image with the maximal patellar cartilage thickness and the maximal craniocaudal diameter of the patella.
Two measurements are made:
A: the length o...
Article
Knee joint injection (technique)
Knee joint injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the knee joint. Either fluoroscopy, ultrasound or CT can be used to guide and administer injectates, which may be diagnostic (e.g. anesthetic), "therapeutic" (e.g. anesthetic/steroids, PRP), or for CT or MR a...
Article
Lumbar foraminal stenosis
Lumbar foraminal stenosis or lumbar neuroforaminal stenosis is described as narrowing of the neural exit foramina. The patency of the neural exit foramina is assessed as part of the routine evaluation of lumbar MRI studies to determine what impact, if any, the surrounding structures have on the ...
Article
Juvenile recurrent parotitis
Juvenile recurrent parotitis is a form of recurrent inflammatory parotitis occurring in childhood.
Epidemiology
Juvenile recurrent parotitis is considered the second most common cause of parotitis in childhood and commonly begins between 3 and 6 years of age.
Clinical presentation
Multiple ...
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