Items tagged “general surgery”
125 results found
Article
Degloving bowel injury
Degloving bowel injuries are a rare type of bowel and mesenteric injury only being described a handful of times in the literature 1-5. In these injuries the bowel is stripped of its mesentery and muscle, leaving a "mucosal tube" 2,3. Perforation may or may not be present.
See also
degloving i...
Article
Complications post optical colonoscopy
Complications post optical colonoscopy are most commonly assessed by CT if patients present with abdominal symptoms post colonoscopy. Complications include:
bowel perforation (most common)
pneumoperitoneum
pneumoretroperitoneum
pneumomediastinum
pneumothorax
lower gastrointestinal hemorrha...
Article
Hemosuccus pancreaticus
Hemosuccus pancreaticus, also known as pseudohaemobilia or hemoductal pancreatitis, is a rare cause of GI bleeding, due to blood originating from the pancreatic duct into the duodenum via the ampulla of Vater, or major pancreatic papilla.
Epidemiology
male:female ratio is 7:1
highly correlate...
Article
Surgical hemostatic material
Surgical hemostatic material is used to control bleeding intraoperatively and is hence frequently intentionally left in the operative bed, not to be confused with a gossypiboma which is caused by foreign material left behind in error. Its use has increased with the advent of minimally invasive s...
Article
Postoperative free intraperitoneal gas
Postoperative free intraperitoneal gas refers to the presence of gas in the peritoneal cavity following a surgical procedure and may result from open or laparoscopic surgical techniques.
Terminology
Postoperative free intraperitoneal gas is also referred to as postoperative pneumoperitoneum 1....
Article
Mucous fistula
Mucous fistulas are a surgically-formed connection between bypassed colon and the skin surface. It is a type of colostomy, but instead of letting ingested contents pass out of the body, a mucous fistula allows release of colonic secretions, mucus, and gas so that they do not build up over time...
Article
Hartmann pouch
Hartmann pouches are a technique in colonic surgery. After a segment of colon is resected, there are generally two options with regards to what to do with the two ends of the colon:
both the upstream end of the colon (the end of the colon through which fecal contents would pass) and the downs...
Article
Port site hernia
Port site hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a rare complication of laparoscopic surgery, affecting ~1.5% (range 0.7-2.8%) of surgeries. They may be early-onset or late-onset, and may result in small bowel obstruction.
See also
abdominal hernia
Article
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is where a structural stenosis or dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi obstructs drainage from the common bile duct (CBD).
Terminology
This disorder is also known as post-cholecystectomy syndrome and suspected functional biliary sphincter disorder 1,4.
Epidemiolog...
Article
Total pelvic exenteration
Total pelvic exenteration refers to extensive surgical resection of pelvic structures to treat locally advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies. It is performed to obtain optimal excision of tumor radical margins which can be difficult in pelvis given proximity and often local invasion of adjac...
Article
Strangulating bowel obstruction
Strangulating or strangulated bowel obstruction refers to ischemia and/or infarction of an obstructed loop of bowel. It is most commonly seen in the setting of closed loop obstruction.
Epidemiology
Strangulation complicates ~15% (10-23%) of bowel obstructions 1,2,4.
Pathology
Strangulation ...
Article
Panproctocolectomy
Panproctocolectomy is a surgery to remove the entire colon, rectum and anal canal. It is most frequently performed for ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome but may also be conducted for colorectal cancer and some other malignancies. The ileostomy co...
Article
Colostomy
Colostomies are a surgically created stoma between the colon and the abdominal wall. It can be performed for both malignant and benign conditions.
Types
end colostomy
temporary end colostomy as part of a Hartmann procedure
loop colostomy
double barrel colostomy
end colostomy with mucous f...
Article
Billroth I reconstruction
Billroth I is a type of surgical reconstruction that has been performed after partial gastrectomy, usually in the setting of tumor or ulcer resection.
The key feature of a Billroth I reconstruction is the formation of an end-to-end anastomosis between the proximal remnant stomach and duodenal s...
Article
Broad ligament hernia
Broad ligament hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of internal hernia in which small bowel passes through a congenital or acquired defect in the broad ligament.
Epidemiology
Broad ligament herniation is very rare and accounts for 4%-7% of all internal hernias 1.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Supravesical hernia
Supravesical hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of abdominal hernia in which viscera protrude through the supravesical fossa.
Pathology
Laxity with failure of the transversalis fascia and the transversus abdominis muscle are the main cause of supravesical hernias in virgin abdome...
Article
Internal supravesical hernia
Internal supravesical hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of internal hernia in which viscera protrude into the supravesical fossa, occupying the paravesical space.
Epidemiology
It is a very rare condition and accounts for less than 4% of all internal herniae 4.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome
Post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome occurs during a colonoscopic polypectomy procedure when electrocoagulation injury causes a transmural burn to the colon without radiographic evidence of perforation 1,2.
Terminology
Post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome is also known as post-polypectomy ...
Article
APPEND score
The APPEND score is a clinical decision rule and predictor of the likelihood of acute appendicitis.
Criteria
Each of the following is worth 1 point 1:
male gender
anorexia
migratory pain
localized peritonism
elevated CRP >15 mg/L
neutrophilia >7.5x109/L
APPEND refers to the mnemonic:
A...
Article
Anterior resection of the rectum
Anterior resection is a surgical procedure to resect the rectum and sigmoid colon while preserving the anal sphincter complex.
Indications
cancer of the rectum (most common)
severe diverticular disease
Procedure
Although historically an open procedure, most anterior resections are now perfo...
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