Items tagged “rg_40_2_edit”
22 results found
Article
Mesenteric ischemia
Mesenteric ischemia, also commonly referred to as bowel or intestinal ischemia, refers to vascular compromise of the bowel and its mesentery that in the acute setting has a very high mortality if not treated expediently. Mesenteric ischemia is far more commonly acute than chronic in etiology. Th...
Article
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, is an autosomal dominant condition which predisposes to a host of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. It is considered the most frequent form of hereditary colorectal cancer. Diagnosis requires evaluation us...
Article
Spinal arachnoid cyst
Spinal arachnoid cysts are relatively uncommon and may be either intradural (type III meningeal cyst) or extradural (type IA meningeal cyst).
This article specifically focuses on spinal arachnoid cysts. For a general discussion of arachnoid cysts, refer to the main article: arachnoid cyst.
Epi...
Article
Crohn disease
Crohn disease, also known as regional enteritis, is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by widespread discontinuous gastrointestinal tract inflammation. The terminal ileum and proximal colon are most often affected. Extraintestinal disease is common.
Epidemiology
The diagnos...
Article
Arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia
Arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia can be a life-threatening event related to obstruction of the mesenteric arteries, most commonly the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), supplying the small bowel and colon. It is the most common cause of mesenteric ischemia.
Epidemiology
An acute occlusi...
Article
Elbow dislocation
Elbow dislocation is the second most common large joint dislocation in adults and the most common in children.
Epidemiology
Elbow dislocations are common and account for 10-25% of all elbow injuries in the adult population 1. They are the most common dislocation in children 4.
Associations
...
Article
Testicular torsion
Testicular torsion occurs when a testis torts on the spermatic cord resulting in the cutting off of blood supply. The most common symptom is acute testicular pain and the most common underlying cause, a bell-clapper deformity. The diagnosis is often made clinically but if it is in doubt, an ultr...
Article
Adynamic ileus
Adynamic ileus is the failure of passage of enteric contents through the small bowel and colon that are not mechanically obstructed; i.e. it represents a paralysis of intestinal motility.
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms similar to mechanical bowel ob...
Article
Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction
Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, also known as pancreaticobiliary maljunction, describes the abnormal junction of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct that occurs outside the duodenal wall to form a long common channel.
Epidemiology
The incidence varies from 1.5% to 3.2% 11. The esti...
Article
Epididymitis
Epididymitis (plural: epididymitides) refers to inflammation of the epididymis and may be associated with inflammation extending to the testis, in which case the term epididymo-orchitis is used. This should be distinguished from isolated orchitis, which is, by comparison, much less common.
Epi...
Article
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is one of the polyposis syndromes. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by:
multiple hamartomatous polyps, most commonly involving the small intestine (predominantly the jejunum), but also colon and stomach; mouth and esophagus are spared
mucocut...
Article
Fetal hepatomegaly
Fetal hepatomegaly (or more simply an enlarged fetal liver) can occur in number of situations. It can occur with or without fetal splenomegaly.
Pathology
Etiology
in utero infections: the commonest cause
fetal cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) 3
fetal parvovirus B19 infection
in utero syph...
Article
Spinal neurenteric cyst
Spinal neurenteric cysts are a rare type of foregut duplication cyst, accounting for ~1% of all spinal cord tumors. They are usually classified as spinal or intracranial and are associated with vertebral or CNS abnormalities respectively.
Pathology
Neurenteric cysts result from incomplete res...
Article
Small bowel ischemia
Small bowel ischemia may be a life-threatening condition, arising from any one of numerous causes of disturbance of the normal blood flow through the small bowel wall.
Pathology
Etiology
It can be divided into acute and chronic forms, with the main underlying etiologies (each discussed separ...
Article
Orchitis
Orchitis (plural: orchitides) is an infection of the testis, which is rarely isolated, and when in conjunction with the epididymis is called epididymo-orchitis.
Pathology
Usually, bacteria retrogradely seed into the testis from the bladder or prostate. It can also be secondary to viral infecti...
Article
Chronic mesenteric ischemia
Chronic mesenteric ischemia, also known as intestinal angina, is an uncommon type of intestinal ischemia usually affecting elderly patients as a result of significant stenosis of two or more mesenteric arteries.
Epidemiology
Normally seen in patients older than 60 years of age and is three tim...
Article
MR enteroclysis
MR enteroclysis is an invasive technique for MRI evaluation of the small bowel, and is mostly used for evaluation of Crohn disease.
NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologist's a...
Article
CT enterography (protocol)
CT enterography (CTE) is a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of small bowel disorders.
Indications
Indications for CT enterography include 4,8:
Crohn disease
diagnosis and complications (primarily)
most common indication
suspected small bowel bleeding, usually pe...
Article
MR enterography
MR enterography (MRE), also known as MRI small bowel study, is a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of small bowel disorders.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologist's...
Article
Bowel wall thickening
Bowel wall thickening is a useful finding on imaging studies and has a number of different causes.
Pathology
The reason for bowel wall thickening depends on the underlying etiology but includes submucosal edema, hemorrhage, and neoplastic infiltration.
Radiographic features
In describing bow...
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