Items tagged “stub”
1,309 results found
Article
Piezoelectric effect
The piezoelectric effect converts kinetic or mechanical energy, due to crystal deformation, into electrical energy. This is how ultrasound transducers receive the sound waves.
The same effect can be used in reverse – inverse piezoelectric effect – whereby the application of an electric field to...
Article
Reid index
Reid index is a pathological measurement of mucosal gland proliferation in chronic bronchitis. It is assessed by comparing the thickness of the mucous glandular tissue versus the distance from epithelium to the level of cartilage.
An index of < 0.4 is considered to be within normal limits.
Article
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Charcot-Leyden crystals consist of collections of bipyramidal crystalloid made up of eosinophilic membrane proteins, which occur in:
asthma
other eosinophilic lung disease 2
certain cases of sinusitis (e.g. allergic fungal sinusitis)
They may be detected in the sputum or sinus secretions wi...
Article
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNET) tend to be large and aggressive retroperitoneal tumors.
Radiographic features
The imaging characteristics of peripheral PNETs are non-specific. However, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a large, aggressive retroperi...
Article
Anterior vertebral body beaking
Anterior vertebral body beaking occurs in a number of conditions and may emanate from the central portion or the lower third of the vertebral body.
Middle third
Morquio syndrome 1 (middle for Morquio)
Lower third
Hurler syndrome 2
achondroplasia 3
congenital hypothyroidism (formerly, creti...
Article
Epiphyseal equivalent
An epiphyseal equivalent refers to bones that are considered similar to the epiphyses and therefore have a similar list of diseases that cause pathology.
Examples include:
patella
calcaneum
carpal bones
greater and lesser trochanters
most apophysis
See also
epiphyseal tumors
Article
Bosworth fracture
The term Bosworth fracture is no longer used. However, it was classically used to refer to a fracture-dislocation of the ankle in which there was fracture of the fibula and posterior dislocation of the talus.
History and etymology
Named after David M Bosworth (1897-1979), orthopedic surgeon fr...
Article
Fall onto an outstretched hand
Fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) is a common mechanism for traumatic disruption of the osseous and ligamentous structures of the wrist, forearm and elbow. Some commonly recognized patterns of injury include;
distal radial fractures
Colles fracture
Smith fracture
Barton fracture
Chauff...
Article
Named fractures
Named fractures are usually eponymous or occupational. The simplest way of spiting them up is by body area:
spinal fractures
facial fractures
upper extremity fractures
pelvic fractures
lower extremity fractures
Article
Computed tomography
Computed tomography (CT), also known as, especially in the older literature and textbooks, computerized axial tomography (CAT), is an imaging modality that uses x-rays to build cross-sectional images ("slices") of the body. Cross-sections are reconstructed from measurements of attenuation coeffi...
Article
Attenuation coefficient
The attenuation coefficient is a measure of how much the incident energy beam (e.g. ultrasound or x-rays) is weakened by the material it is passing through.
Photon interactions
When a photon passes through a matter, it can either penetrate the matter without any interactions (penetration), be ...
Article
Lutembacher syndrome
Lutembacher syndrome refers to the rare combination of congenital atrial septal defect with acquired mitral stenosis.
History and etymology
It is named after Rene Lutembacher 4.
Article
Langerhans cell
Langerhans cells are dendritic cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage, containing large granules called Birbeck granules. They are normally found in epithelial surfaces, lymph nodes and other organs, and can also be found elsewhere, particularly in association with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
...
Article
Rosenthal fibers
Rosenthal fibers are astrocytic cytoplasmic inclusions, typically found in areas of longstanding gliosis. These elongated or "corkscrew" structures occur within astrocytic processes and are brightly eosinophilic (stain bright pink on the H&E stain) 1-3. They represent astrocytic processes swolle...
Article
Rind sign (bones)
The rind sign is used when a lesion is surrounded by a layer of thick, sclerotic reactive bone (i.e. a rind) and is suggestive of fibrous dysplasia. The classic rind sign is most commonly seen in the proximal femur.
Article
Preiser disease
Preiser disease refers to idiopathic osteonecrosis of the scaphoid 1,2.
Classification
type 1: complete type, associated with poor outcome
type 2: partial/segmental type, associated with good outcome when compared to type 1
History and etymology
It was first described by G Preiser in 1910...
Article
Fissula ante fenestram
The fissula ante fenestram (plural: fissula ante fenestras) is a small connective tissue-filled cleft in the otic capsule of the temporal bone, not typically visible on CT. The area around the fissula ante fenestram is the usual origin of fenestral otosclerosis.
Gross anatomy
The fissula ante ...
Article
Anal canal cancer protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for anal canal cancer is a group of MRI sequences put together to asses extension and stage anal canal tumors.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologist's and ref...
Article
Perianal fistula protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for the assessment of perianal fistulas is a group of MRI sequences put together to asses the extension and anatomic relationships of inflammatory fistulas to the anal sphincters, helping to plan surgical management and monitor treatment response.
NB: This article is intended to o...
Article
Rectal cancer protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for rectal cancer is a group of MRI sequences put together for imaging staging of primary tumors of the rectum and assessment of response following neoadjuvant therapy. Modified versions of the protocol may also be used for the assessment of local recurrence.
Note: This article is ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.