Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,872 results found
Article
Psammoma bodies
Psammoma bodies are round microscopic calcific collections. It is a form of dystrophic calcification. Necrotic cells form the focus for surrounding calcific deposition. They have a lamellated concentric calcified structure, sometimes large enough to be seen on CT.
Psammoma bodies are found in ...
Article
Thymus protocol (MRI)
Thymic MRI is a targeted mediastinal imaging protocol performed mainly to distinguish surgical from nonsurgical thymic lesions (eg. thymic hyperplasia, thymic cysts, and lymphoma).
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depe...
Article
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences (THED) are areas of differential enhancement of the liver parenchyma depicted with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using microbubble intravascular contrast agents. They are equivalent to transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) with contrast...
Article
Barium sulfate contrast medium
Barium sulfate (BaSO4), often just called barium in radiology parlance, is an ionic salt of barium (Ba), a metallic chemical element with atomic number 56. Barium sulfate forms the basis for a range of contrast media used in fluoroscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike barium ...
Article
Thyroid malignancies
Thyroid malignancies are most commonly primary thyroid cancers but can rarely be metastatic deposits.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
head and neck irradiation (see radiation-induced thyroid cancer)
family history of thyroid cancer
age <30 or >60 years
male
>2 cm
Pathology
Classification
Th...
Article
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the pathological description of a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by focal atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal cortices. These results in variable clinical manifestations collectively known as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndrom...
Article
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is an autosomal codominant metabolic disorder and is the most common genetic cause of emphysema and metabolic liver disease in children. It results in the unopposed action of neutrophil elastase and subsequent severe basal panlobular emphysema and respirator...
Article
Riedel thyroiditis
Riedel thyroiditis is a very rare form of autoimmune thyroiditis. It is sometimes considered as a manifestation of a wider systemic disease with fibrosis of the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, as well as lymphocytic infiltration of extraocular orbital muscles, salivary and lacrimal glands 4. All t...
Article
Schmorl nodes
Schmorl nodes, also known as intravertebral disc herniations, refer to protrusions of the cartilage of the intervertebral disc through the vertebral body endplate and into the adjacent vertebra. The protrusions may contact the marrow of the vertebra, leading to inflammation.
Epidemiology
Quies...
Article
Carotid near-occlusion
Carotid near-occlusion is a special form of severe carotid artery stenosis that results in a partial or complete collapse of the distal internal carotid artery lumen due to underfilling.
It should not be confused with carotid pseudo-occlusion due to terminal intracranial internal carotid arter...
Article
Microfracture
Microfracture is a commonly performed cartilage repair or marrow stimulation method, which induces fibrocartilage growth by creating small microcracks into the subchondral bone.
History
First reports on mesenchymal stem cell stimulation date back to 1946 1. The microfracture technique, how it ...
Article
Athletic pubalgia
Athletic pubalgia or groin pain in athletes is a clinical syndrome of chronic lower pelvic and groin pain, usually encountered in athletes. It is either a musculotendinous or osseous injury that involves the insertion of abdominal muscles on the pubis and the upper aponeurotic insertion of the a...
Article
METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS)
The METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS) is a 30-item quality evaluation tool for artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics papers 1. It aims to assess and improve the quality of radiomics research. METRICS is endorsed by the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics (EuSoMII).
Overv...
Article
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE), also known as a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), (plural: epiphyses) is a relatively common condition affecting the physis of the proximal femur in adolescents. It is one of the commonest hip abnormalities in adolescence and is bilateral in 20-40%...
Article
Disc protrusion
Disc protrusions are a type of disc herniation characterized by protrusion of disc content beyond the normal confines of the intervertebral disc, over a segment less than 25% of the circumference of the disc. The width of the base is wider than the largest diameter of the disc material which pro...
Article
Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures
The Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures is probably the most frequently used system along with the AO classification of proximal humeral fractures. The terminology and factors which influence the classification are essential for the utility of radiology reports of proximal humeral ...
Article
Radiomics quality score
The Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) assesses the characteristics and, ultimately, the quality of a radiomics study, including its reporting. The score has thirty-six potential points given based on sixteen criteria, with a score of thirty-six indicating superlative quality. The criteria emphasize ...
Article
Aspergilloma
Aspergillomas are mass-like fungus balls (mycetomas) typically composed of Aspergillus fumigatus and are a non-invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis. They usually fall under the subgroup chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiology
Aspergillomas occur in patients with normal immunity but s...
Article
Spiral glenohumeral ligament
The spiral glenohumeral ligament, also termed fasciculus obliquus, ligamentum glenohumerale spirale and spiral GHL, is a focal thickening of the glenohumeral joint capsule, akin to the other glenohumeral ligaments, yet it is not widely recognized 1.
Gross anatomy
The spiral glenohumeral ligam...
Article
Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid artery stenosis, also known as extracranial carotid artery stenosis, is usually caused by an atherosclerotic process and is one of the major causes of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).
This article refers to stenosis involving the carotid bulb and the proximal segment of inte...
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