Articles
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827 results found
Article
Foramen Vesalii
The foramen Vesalii (plural: foramina Vesalii), also known as the foramen of Vesalius, sphenoidal emissary foramen, foramen venosus or canaliculus sphenoidal, is a tiny variably present foramen in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
Its incidence varies markedly. A study of 100 cadaveric sk...
Article
Asterion
The asterion is the junction on the side of the posteroinferior calvarium where three sutures meet:
parietomastoid suture
occipitomastoid suture
lambdoid suture
It represents the site of the closed mastoid fontanelle. It is located at the posterior end of the parietotemporal suture, whereas ...
Article
Central retinal vein
The central retinal vein (CRV) or central vein of the retina, and sometimes shortened to the retinal vein, is the venous counterpart of the central retinal artery.
Gross anatomy
Each quadrant of the retina is drained by multiple minor retinal veins which coalesce to form a main retinal vein. T...
Article
Optic nerve
The optic nerve is the second (CN II) cranial nerve (TA: nervus opticus or nervus cranialis II). It is a purely sensory nerve that conveys visual information from the eye to the brain.
The nerve arises from the back of the globe exiting the orbit via the optic canal. It joins the contralateral...
Article
Thyroid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, with its superior border sitting at the level of the C4 vertebra.
Gross anatomy
The thyroid cartilage consists of bilateral flattened laminae that are fused in the anterior midline to form the laryngeal prominence (Adam's ap...
Article
Nasolacrimal duct
The nasolacrimal duct (NLD) is the terminal part of the nasolacrimal apparatus.
Gross anatomy
The nasolacrimal duct is the inferior continuation of the lacrimal sac and is ~17 mm in length in total. The duct runs in the bony nasolacrimal canal. There are two parts to the nasolacrimal duct:
in...
Article
Tongue
The tongue is a complex, principally muscular structure that extends from the oral cavity to the oropharynx. It has important roles in speech, swallowing and taste.
Gross anatomy
The tongue has a tip, dorsum, inferior surface and root. The tongue is made of a midline lingual septum and hyoglo...
Article
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland (a.k.a. hypophysis cerebri), together with its connections to the hypothalamus, acts as the main endocrine interface between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
Gross anatomy
The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sph...
Article
Rima vestibuli
The rima vestibuli is the V-shaped space formed between the false vocal cords, which allows the passage of air through the larynx. It is larger and located superior to the rima glottidis.
It should not be confused for the laryngeal vestibule, which is the entire open space of the supraglottis b...
Article
Rima glottidis
The rima glottidis is the V-shaped opening formed between the true vocal cords, which permits the passage of air through the larynx. Abduction or adduction of the vocal cords can open or close the rima glottidis. The rima glottidis constitutes part of the glottic region of the larynx.
It should...
Article
Vallecula
The epiglottic valleculae are paired small depressions in the oropharynx located either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold, anterior to the epiglottis and posterior to the base of tongue. They are bounded laterally by the lateral glossoepiglottic folds. It has a function in the pharyngeal...
Article
Supraglottis
The supraglottis is an anatomic subsite of the larynx, located superior to the glottis.
Gross anatomy
The supraglottic larynx includes, from superior to inferior, the epiglottis (including both lingual and laryngeal surfaces), the laryngeal aspect of the aryepiglottic folds, false vocal cords,...
Article
Laryngeal ventricle
The laryngeal ventricle is a slitlike, mucosa-lined, space located between the true and false vocal cords. It is often seen on lateral radiographs of the neck as an air-filled space between the true and false vocal cords. It should not be confused with the laryngeal vestibule.
Terminology
It i...
Article
Laryngeal vestibule
The laryngeal vestibule is the part of the laryngeal cavity lying between the laryngeal inlet and vocal folds.
Gross anatomy
It is found within the supraglottis. It has a wedge-shaped cross-section, its base lying anteriorly, with its apex tapering posteriorly.
Relations
anterior: tubercle ...
Article
False vocal cords
The false vocal cords (vestibular folds, ventricular folds, ventricular bands) are paired shelf-like structures located within the supraglottic larynx that divide the laryngeal vestibule above from the laryngeal ventricle below. They function to protect the airway and play very little if any par...
Article
Subglottis
The subglottis (or infraglottis) is an anatomical subregion of the larynx, located inferior to the glottis.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries and relations
superiorly: 1 cm below the lateral margin of the ventricle where the superior surface of the true vocal cord ends 1, although other definitions ex...
Article
True vocal cords
The true vocal cords are the thickened, free edge of the cricovocal membrane/ligament also known as cricothyroid ligament, lined by mucous membrane 1. Together, they constitute the glottis and form the rima glottidis, which is the V-shaped aperture through which air passes. Their primary role is...
Article
Larynx
The larynx is an inferior continuation of the oropharynx. It extends from the epiglottis (namely the glossoepiglottic and pharyngoepiglottic folds) to the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage. Inferiorly, it continues as the cervical trachea. The larynx also forms part of the upper respirato...
Article
Cricoid cartilage
The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped laryngeal cartilage that sits below the thyroid cartilage and above the tracheal rings, at the level of the C6 vertebra. It is the only complete cartilaginous ring of the whole airway.
Gross anatomy
It consists of a thinner anterior portion, called the ar...
Article
Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is a midline "U or horseshoe-shaped" bone that serves as a structural anchor in the mid-neck. It is the only bone in the human body that does not directly articulate with another bone (other than sesamoids). It is a place of convergence of multiple small neck muscles that permit t...
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