Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
79 results found
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Urethral duplication
Urethral duplication is a rare condition in which either a part of the entire urethra is duplicated. It usually occurs in the sagittal plane, and the more dorsal copy is usually the duplication.
Pathology
Urethral duplications may occur due to a variety of developmental anomalies. In females, ...
Article
Cervical thymus
The cervical thymus (plural: cervical thymi) refers to an ectopic location of the thymus in the neck above the level of the brachiocephalic veins.
Clinical presentation
A cervical thymus usually presents before adolescence as a painless unilateral midline or lateral neck mass.
Pathology
Etio...
Article
Butterfly vertebra
Butterfly vertebra, also sometimes known as a sagittal cleft vertebra or anterior rachischisis, is a type of vertebral anomaly that results from the failure of fusion of the lateral halves of the vertebral body because of persistent notochordal tissue between them.
Pathology
Butterfly vertebra...
Article
Interrupted aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is an uncommon congenital cardiovascular anomaly where there is a separation between the ascending and descending aorta. It can either be complete or connected by a remnant fibrous band. An accompanying large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and/or patent ductus arte...
Article
Mendosal suture
The mendosal suture, also known as the accessory occipital suture, is a normal calvarial suture.
Gross anatomy
The suture extends through the occipital bone, lying superior to the occipitomastoid suture and inferomedial to the lambdoid suture. It closes in utero or in the first few days of lif...
Article
Labeled imaging anatomy cases
This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality.
Brain
CT head: non-contrast axial
CT head: non-contrast coronal
CT head: non-contrast sagittal
CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions
CT head: angiogram axial
CT head: angiogram coronal
...
Article
Situs inversus
Situs inversus, (rare plural: sitūs inversi) short form of the Latin “situs inversus viscerum”, is a term used to describe the inverted position of chest and abdominal organs.
Terminology
The condition is called situs inversus totalis when there is a total transposition of abdominal and thorac...
Article
Hypodontia
Hypodontia, also known as oligodontia or adontia, refers to the developmental failure of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars.
Terminology
The phenomenon of non-development of teeth has been described using several terms including 'hypodontia', 'oligodontia' and 'adontia'. The descrip...
Article
Tracheal buckling
Tracheal buckling is a normal finding in young infants when the trachea is more flexible. There is typically deviation of the trachea anteriorly and to the right (up to 90°). Normal deviation to the left is observed only when aortic arch is located to the right of the trachea 4. Any other config...
Article
Incomplete hippocampal inversion
Incomplete hippocampal inversion describes the situation where the normal inversion of the hippocampus fails to happen during development.
Terminology
Incomplete hippocampal inversion is the most correct description of this finding. Hippocampal malrotation is a term used by some authors 1 alth...
Article
Vesicourachal diverticulum
Vesicourachal diverticulum, or just urachal diverticulum, is one of the congenital urachal remnant abnormalities.
Gross anatomy
It is the proximal equivalent of a urachal umbilical sinus, representing a result of the failure of the urachus to close at the urinary bladder, forming an out-pouchi...
Article
Accessory ossicles
Accessory ossicles are secondary ossification centers that remain separate from the adjacent bone. They are usually round or ovoid in shape, occur in typical locations and have well-defined smooth cortical margins on all sides.
In most cases, they are congenital in origin, although they may occ...
Article
Aberrant left pulmonary artery
Aberrant left pulmonary artery, also known as pulmonary sling, represents an anatomical variant characterized by the left pulmonary artery arising from the right pulmonary artery and passing above the right main bronchus and in between the trachea and esophagus to reach the left lung. It may lea...
Article
Patent urachus
A patent urachus is one of the spectrum of congenital urachal anomalies. It has occasionally been termed "urachal fistula".
Clinical presentation
A patent urachus is often diagnosed in neonates when urine is noted leaking from the umbilicus. The umbilicus may also have an abnormal appearance o...
Article
Ossification centers of the elbow
There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph. Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. A useful mnemonic to remember the or...
Article
Radiocapitellar line
The radiocapitellar line is one of the key lines used to assess alignment on the elbow radiograph. It is particularly useful in the pediatric setting.
Measurement
A line drawn down the neck of the radius should intersect the capitellum. It is important to ensure that you draw the line down the...
Article
Elbow ossification
Elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible order. Being familiar with the order of ossification of the elbow is important in not mistaking an epicondylar fracture for a normal ossification center.
Appearance
Order
The order of appearances of the elbow o...
Article
Normal kidney size (children)
The normal size of kidneys in children follows a growth curve and is closely related to the age and size of the child. Ethnic differences have also been shown, which may be an important consideration when interpreting measurements against a reference range 4.
In infants median (normal range bet...
Article
Somite
Somites, also known as metameres, are paired populations of cells that arise on either side of the neural tube in the developing embryo and set out a plan for the compartmentalised development of the body 1-3.
Immature somites are multipotent and can differentiate into many tissues including de...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.