Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
746 results found
Article
T1 hyperintense renal lesions
T1 hyperintense renal lesions are a group of lesions that show high signal characteristics on T1-weighted MRI compared to the adjacent normal renal parenchyma.
The differential diagnoses for this group include:
hemorrhagic and/or highly proteinaceous renal cyst
papillary renal cell carcinoma ...
Article
Pediatric calcific discopathy
Pediatric idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification is a rare condition affecting intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebral bodies, and musculo-ligamentous structures, typically resulting in local pain or sensorimotor disturbances. First described by Baron in 1924 1, the underlying etiology is...
Article
Loss of corticomedullary differentiation
A loss of corticomedullary differentiation is an imaging feature where renal cortex and medulla is no longer able to be seen as different structures.
Pathology
It can be detected usually by ultrasound or MRI (and in some instances on contrast CT) with a large number of variable pathological c...
Article
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the head and neck
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the head and neck are frequent benign lesions and have been reported in various sites such as orbit, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, buccal space, parotid gland, nasopharynx and larynx. However, the orbit is the most common location for IMTs in the he...
Article
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the urogenital system
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the urogenital system are rare benign lesions, and just a few cases are reported with spermatic cord, scrotal and penile origins 1.
Please refer to the article on inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors for a broad discussion.
Clinical presentation
...
Article
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the gastrointestinal tract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the gastrointestinal tract are rare benign neoplasms and can originate anywhere; however, the stomach and small bowel are the most common locations 1.
Please see the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors for a broad discussion.
Etiology
Chronic in...
Article
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the liver
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the liver are extremely rare and account for just 0.7% of all hepatic lesions 1.
Refer to the article on inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors for a broad discussion.
Epidemiology
IMTs of the liver are usually frequent in young adults and Asian pe...
Article
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the mesentery
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the mesentery are rare benign neoplasms and a location-specific type of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Mesentery is one of the most common locations for extrapulmonary IMTs 1.
Epidemiology
IMTs of mesentery are rare spindle cell neoplasms and...
Article
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the musculoskeletal system
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the musculoskeletal system are extremely rare benign neoplasms, and just a few cases have been described that arise from the muscles 1.
Please refer to the article on inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors for a broad discussion.
Clinical Presentatio...
Article
Fat-containing splenic lesions
Fat-containing splenic lesions are rare, and the differential diagnosis is limited.
Differential diagnosis
Neoplastic
splenic hamartoma 1
splenic myelolipoma 2
splenic lipoma
splenic liposarcoma 3
splenic angiomyolipoma
Non-neoplastic
Non-mass and pseudo-lesions may also occasionally co...
Article
Urinary bladder cyst
Urinary bladder cysts are considered tumor-like lesions and true simple cysts arising from the bladder wall are extremely rare 1.
Pathology
Three types of cysts have been described 1:
urachal cysts: dome and anterior wall
cloacal cysts: posterior wall
simple cyst of the bladder wa...
Article
Gallbladder folds
Gallbladder folds arise due to the gallbladder wall folding onto itself. They are thick, junctional in nature and incomplete or non-continuous in appearance.
The posterior wall is usually involved, however, anterior wall folds may also occur 1. The folding may produce a bizarre or unusual shap...
Article
Foot pain
Foot pain is a very common symptom. The differential diagnosis depends mainly on age, weight, level of physical activity, and the exact location of the pain.
As neoplastic lesions are ubiquitary, they will not be added to the sections below.
Hindfoot pain
inferior heel pain
trauma...
Article
Cholecystocutaneous fistula
Cholecystocutaneous fistulas are abnormal fistulous connection between the gallbladder and the skin. It is a rare form of gastrointestinal fistulation and may result from a complication of cholecystitis, gallbladder carcinoma, or percutaneous procedures 1,2.
Epidemiology
The peak incidence is ...
Article
Bone surface lesions
Bone surface lesions refer to all neoplastic or neoplastic-like lesions arising from the bone surface (cortex, periosteum, and parosteal fibrous tissues) and developing outside of the bone medullary canal.
Neoplastic
fat-containing matrix
parosteal lipoma
parosteal osteoliposarcoma 2
bone m...
Article
Right paratracheal lymphadenopathy
Right paratracheal lymphadenopathy represents pathological involvement of any of the lymph nodes in the right upper (2R) and/or lower (4R) paratracheal nodal groups 1. These nodes are often also enlarged but this is not always the case.
The commonest causes are sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and lun...
Article
Symmetrical cerebral restricted diffusion
Symmetrical cerebral restricted diffusion is seen in a broad range of pathologies. The differential depends on the location of the lesions.
Symmetrical central tegmental tract lesions
central tegmental tract T2 hyperintensity
symmetrical hyperintensities of the extrapyramidal tract conn...
Article
Thyroid atrophy
Thyroid atrophy can arise in a number of situations and most with certain chronic thyroiditides such as:
Hashimoto thyroiditis
atrophic thyroiditis 1
It can also occur with conditions such as:
irradiation
prior treatment (e.g. I-131) of hyperactive conditions such as Graves disease 3
prima...
Article
Benign vs malignant pulmonary nodule
Differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules is of great importance as it determines the further course of management of the patient.
Benign pulmonary nodule
size: the smaller the size the more likely to be benign
~80% of benign nodules are <2 cm in size.
margin: smooth, regular; ...
Article
Leave alone lesions - breast
Breast leave alone lesions are so characteristic on mammography that further diagnostic tests such as a biopsy are unnecessary. All of these lesions are entirely benign and known as BI-RADS 2 findings:
lipoma: fat density; well-defined rounded lesion
oil cyst: fat density; well-defined lesion;...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.