Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
88 results found
Article
Suspected physical abuse
Suspected physical abuse (SPA), also known as non-accidental injury (NAI) or inflicted injury, in infants and young children represents both ethical and legal challenges to treating physicians.
Radiologists may be the first clinical staff to suspect non-accidental injuries when confronted with ...
Article
Butterfly vertebra
Butterfly vertebra, also sometimes known as a sagittal cleft vertebra or anterior rachischisis, is a type of vertebral anomaly that results from the failure of fusion of the lateral halves of the vertebral body because of persistent notochordal tissue between them.
Pathology
Butterfly vertebra...
Article
Cervix sign (pyloric stenosis)
The cervix sign of pyloric stenosis describes the indentation of the pylorus into the fluid-filled antrum, seen in pyloric stenosis on ultrasound examination.
See also
antral nipple sign (pyloric stenosis)
target sign (pyloric stenosis)
Article
Antral nipple sign (pyloric stenosis)
The antral nipple sign refers to redundant pyloric mucosa protruding into the gastric antrum and is seen in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis on ultrasound examination.
See also
cervix sign (pyloric stenosis)
target sign (pyloric stenosis)
Article
Bright tree appearance (brain)
The bright tree appearance is a radiological pattern appreciated on MRI brain diffusion-weighted sequences in pediatric patients with severe encephalopathy syndromes. The appearance describes widespread restricted diffusion affecting the subcortical white matter, giving the appearance of multipl...
Article
Claustrum sign
The claustrum sign refers to the bilateral claustral involvement classically seen in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).
This sign is described on T2 and FLAIR MRI sequences, as hyperintensity of both claustra during the acute phase and posterior hypointensity during the chroni...
Article
Harlequin eye deformity
The harlequin eye deformity is characterized by elevation of the superolateral corner of the orbit. It may be seen in unilateral (plagiocephaly) or bilateral (brachycephaly) coronal suture synostosis.
History and etymology
The term harlequin eye derives from the appearance of the eyes on a har...
Article
Target sign (intussusception)
The target sign of intestinal intussusception, also known as the doughnut sign or bull's eye sign.
The appearance is generated by concentric alternating echogenic and hypoechoic bands. The echogenic bands are formed by the serosa and submucosa either side of the hypoechoic muscularis propria 1....
Article
Double density sign (osteoid osteoma)
The double density sign, also sometimes clumsily referred to as the hotter spot within hot area sign, is a bone scan sign of an osteoid osteoma.
It refers to a central focus of intense uptake (the nidus) within a surrounding lower, but nonetheless increased uptake, rim.
See also
double densit...
Article
Radiocapitellar line
The radiocapitellar line is one of the key lines used to assess alignment on the elbow radiograph. It is particularly useful in the pediatric setting.
Measurement
A line drawn down the neck of the radius should intersect the capitellum. It is important to ensure that you draw the line down the...
Article
Pyrexia
Pyrexia (or fever) is a clinical sign, indicated by an abnormally elevated core body temperature, which is defined by several medical societies as ≥38.3°C (≥≈101°F). The temperature elevation may be persistent or episodic. If the body temperature is greater than 41.5°C - a rare phenomenon - it i...
Article
Steeple sign (trachea)
The steeple sign (also called the wine bottle sign, and inverted V sign), refers to the tapering of the upper trachea on a frontal chest radiograph reminiscent of a church steeple, suggestive of croup. A corresponding lateral x-ray would show narrowing of the subglottic trachea and ballooning of...
Article
Coxa valga
Coxa valga describes a deformity of the hip where there is an increased angle between the femoral neck and femoral shaft.
Pathology
Coxa valga is often associated with shallow acetabular angles and femoral head subluxation.
Etiology
bilateral
neuromuscular disorders, e.g. cerebral ...
Article
Keyhole sign (posterior urethral valves)
The keyhole sign is an ultrasonographic sign seen in boys with posterior urethral valves. It refers to the appearance of the proximal urethra (which is dilated) and an associated thick walled distended bladder which on ultrasound may resemble a keyhole.
Article
Triple bubble sign
The triple bubble sign is the classic radiographic appearance observed in jejunal atresia 1,2. The appearance is due to a proximal obstruction caused by the atretic jejunum. It is equivalent to the double bubble sign, but a third bubble is seen because of proximal jejunal distention.
Article
Trident appearance (disambiguation)
The trident appearance (or sign) can refer to a variety of entities:
trident acetabulum
trident hand
trident sign (osmotic demyelination)
trident sign (neurosarcoidosis)
trident sign (persistent trigeminal artery)
History and etymology
The trident is a three-pronged lance employed for spe...
Article
Congenital hallux valgus
Congenital hallux valgus is a very rare finding wherein a fetus or newborn shows lateral deviation of the first toe(s). When found on prenatal imaging, bilateral congenital/foetal hallux valgus is highly suggestive of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva 1,2.
See also
hallux valgus
Article
Caterpillar sign (pyloric stenosis)
The caterpillar sign is a radiological sign described in pyloric stenosis.
It refers to the appearance of the stomach on an upper gastrointestinal radiographic series or plain abdominal radiograph 1,2. On these imaging modalities in a patient with pyloric stenosis, the stomach appears distended...
Article
Echogenic fetal bowel
Echogenic fetal bowel is an observation in antenatal ultrasound imaging, in which fetal bowel appears to be brighter than it is supposed to be. It is a soft marker for trisomy 21 and has several other associations. When observed, it needs to be interpreted in the context of other associated abno...
Article
Dragonfly sign
Dragonfly sign describes the appearance of the cerebellum on coronal images, which is seen secondary to cerebellar atrophy in pontocerebellar hypoplasia 1.
The sign is so called as the whole cerebellum resembles the shape of a dragonfly if one imagines the vermis is the body of the insect and t...
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