Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
194 results found
Article
Little league shoulder
Little league shoulder is thought to occur due to overuse damage of the proximal humeral epiphysis/metaphysis, seen typically in young baseball players, especially pitchers.
Epidemiology
Although it is most commonly seen in baseball players particularly in pitchers, it also presents in adolesc...
Article
Caffey disease
Caffey disease or infantile cortical hyperostosis is a largely self-limiting disorder which affects infants. It causes bone changes, soft-tissue swelling, and irritability.
It is distinct from physiological periostitis which can be seen involving the diaphyses of the tibiae, humeri, and femora ...
Article
Fat pad impingement syndromes of the knee
In fat pad impingement syndromes, the etiologies are different for each knee fat pad.
In anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome, the cause is usually due to either a developmental cause related to the anatomy of the extensor mechanism or may be related to abnormal mechanics. In thi...
Article
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, also known as Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by 1:
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
bone marrow hypoplasia (cyclic neutropenia)
Epidemiology
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rar...
Article
Ischiofemoral impingement
Ischiofemoral impingement refers to the impingement of soft tissues between the ischial tuberosity and lesser trochanter of the femur.
Clinical presentation
Patients with ischiofemoral impingement present with chronic pain in the groin and/or buttock, without a history of traumatic injury. Pa...
Article
SAPHO syndrome
The SAPHO syndrome is an acronym that refers to a rare syndrome that is manifested by a combined occurrence of 2:
S: synovitis
A: acne
P: pustulosis
H: hyperostosis
O: osteitis
Epidemiology
SAPHO classically tends to present in young to middle-aged adults. Presentation in the pediatric po...
Article
Roberts syndrome
Roberts syndrome, also known as Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome, pseudothalidomide syndrome, or Appelt-Gerken-Lenz syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation syndrome.
Clinical presentation
general
intrauterine growth restriction
postnatal growth and developmental delay
failure to thrive
t...
Article
Acrodysostosis
Acrodysostosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by growth restriction, nasal hypoplasia, brachydactyly, midfacial deficiency, intellectual disability and deafness.
Clinical presentation
The cardinal clinical features include, short hands with stubby fingers and similarly affected fee...
Article
Donohue syndrome
Donohue syndrome, also known as leprechaunism, is a rare autosomal recessive form of insulin resistance syndrome with a distinctive phenotype including elfin facies and severe disturbances of glucose homeostasis. It is universally fatal in early childhood.
Epidemiology
Donohue syndrome is very...
Article
Sanjad-Sakati syndrome
Sanjad-Sakati syndrome, also known as hypoparathyroidism-intellectual disability-dysmorphism syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder.
Epidemiology
The syndrome is almost exclusively found in people of Arab origin. There is an equal distribution in both sexes.
Clinical presentation
h...
Article
Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a sterile inflammatory monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis that follows an infection at a different site, commonly enteric or urogenital. It is classified as a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy.
Terminology
Reactive arthritis was formerly known as Reite...
Article
Bertolotti syndrome
Bertolotti syndrome refers to the association between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain.
Although it may be a consideration in younger patients, the entity is considered controversial and has been both supported and disputed. Some studies suggest lumbosacral transitional vert...
Article
Maffucci syndrome
Maffucci syndrome is a congenital nonhereditary, sporadic, mesodermal dysplasia characterized by multiple enchondromas with soft-tissue venous malformations and/or spindle-cell hemangiomas 6,7, generally caused by somatic mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 6.
On imaging, it is usually portrayed by a sho...
Article
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome, also known as 45XO or 45X, is the most common of the sex chromosome abnormalities in females.
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at 1:2000-5000 of live births, although the in utero rate is much higher (1-2% of conceptions) due to a significant proportion of affected fet...
Article
Camptocormia
Camptocormia, also known as bent spine syndrome or cyphose hystérique, is a rare syndrome characterized by involuntary flexion of the thoracolumbar spine with weight-bearing which reduces when lying down, and is due to isolated atrophy of the paraspinal muscles.
Epidemiology
In a small case se...
Article
Holt-Oram syndrome
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), also known as heart-hand syndrome, is an autosomal dominant syndrome that results in congenital heart defects and upper limb anomalies:
congenital heart defects
atrial septal defect (ASD) (commonest cardiac defect 4)
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
aortic coarctat...
Article
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by congenital or acquired compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels as they pass through the superior thoracic aperture 11.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend on the structure compresse...
Article
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS), also known as disseminated dermatofibrosis lenticularis 2, comprises osteopoikilosis associated with disseminated connective tissue and cutaneous yellowish nevi, predominantly on the extremities and trunk 1. Genetic work has linked this syndrome to both isolate...
Article
Anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome
Anterior suprapatellar (quadriceps) fat pad impingement syndrome is a controversial cause of anterior knee pain although anterior suprapatellar fat pad edema may often, and possibly more commonly, be incidental or considered an anatomical variant 1,2,11.
Clinical presentation
Patients present...
Article
Calcineurin-inhibitor induced pain syndrome
Calcineurin-inhibitor-induced pain syndrome (CIPS) describes a reversible acute pain syndrome that occurs in patients with transplants taking calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent transplant rejection 1. The most common calcineurin inhibitors prescribed following organ t...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.