Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Hemiplegic migraine
Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon type of migraine with aura wherein patients present with usually reversible motor weakness, typically unilateral. They can be challenging to distinguish from seizure with Todd paresis or ischemic stroke, even with the benefit of MRI 1.
Epidemiology
Compared...
Article
Otsu's method
Otsu’s method, also known as Otsu's threshold algorithm, is an automatic thresholding algorithm used in image processing.
The method separates pixels or voxels from an image into groups based on where their values lie in relation to the image histogram. The method finds threshold values that c...
Article
Limited intimal tear
Limited intimal tears (LIT) of the aorta or limited aortic intimal tears are subtle localized tears of the aortic intima without tear extension and represent an uncommon form of aortic dissection that can manifest as acute aortic syndrome 1-5.
Epidemiology
Limited intimal tears are uncommon an...
Article
Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomies are craniectomies performed to relieve raised intracranial pressure, most commonly in the setting of florid cerebral edema following cranial trauma or swelling following infarction 1.
History
Craniectomies for the treatment of cranial trauma date back to at least 10...
Article
Knee arthroplasty (overview)
Knee arthroplasty is a common joint replacement procedure employed in the management of various pathologic conditions of the knee joint, most commonly osteoarthritis. Less common indications include inflammatory arthritis and following trauma 1.
Multiple types of knee arthroplasty have been dev...
Article
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery is an intraoperative technique that takes advantage of tumor cells accumulating a fluorescent compound to make the location of the tumor more readily apparent. It is primarily used in the resection of high-grade gliomas (e.g. glioblastoma, grade 3 or 4 astrocyto...
Article
Aortoesophageal fistula
Aortoesophageal (aorto-esophageal) fistulae are pathologic communications between the aorta and esophagus and result in life-threatening upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. They are fatal in the absence of prompt management.
Epidemiology
Aortoesophageal fistulas are a rare entity that accounts...
Article
Nuclear medicine training in Australia
Nuclear medicine training in Australia can be undertaken as part of or after radiology training through the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) or following basic physician training (BPT) through the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP).
Structure
Entry...
Article
METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS)
The METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS) is a 30-item quality evaluation tool for artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics papers 1. It aims to assess and improve the quality of radiomics research. METRICS is endorsed by the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics (EuSoMII).
Overv...
Article
Temozolomide
Temozolomide is an oral chemotherapeutic drug primarily used in the treatment of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas, often in conjunction with radiotherapy (Stupp protocol).
Mechanism of action
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent. It adds a methyl group to the purine bases of D...
Article
CEUS LI-RADS
The Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) is a standardized classification system, algorithm, and terminology for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients using CEUS with blood-pool intravenous contrast agents.
The current ver...
Article
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences (THED) are areas of differential enhancement of the liver parenchyma depicted with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using microbubble intravascular contrast agents. They are equivalent to transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) with contrast...
Article
Inferior vena cava obstruction
Inferior vena cava obstruction, also known as inferior vena cava syndrome, refers to the clinical manifestations occurring as a result of any blockage in the inferior vena cava. It can occur due to external compression, thrombosis of inferior vena cava or iatrogenic placement of filters 1. Certa...
Article
Thyroid teratoma
Thyroid teratomas are rare tumors distinct from thyroid tissue found in mature teratomas, which are well documented 1. Even rarer still are malignant teratomas of the thyroid.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is generally no different than that of other thyroid masses, presentin...
Article
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery describes an acute amnestic syndrome secondary to ischemic stroke affecting the subcallosal artery which leads to infarction of the bilateral fornices.
Epidemiology
The exact incidence of amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery is not known, but ...
Article
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a type of imaging based on sending small amounts of electrical current across tissue (when used for medical imaging) and measuring conductivity.
Terminology
There are several ways in which the EIT signal can be generated and processed, and these are oft...
Article
Round ligament varicosities
Round ligament varicosities are dilated and tortuous veins in the round ligament, these are rare although most commonly seen during pregnancy and the postpartum period. They constitute an important differential diagnosis for inguinal masses as to avoid unnecessary surgery and associated complica...
Article
C1-C2 false localizing sign (spine)
C1-C2 false localizing sign, sometimes referred to merely as C1-C2 sign, is seen on spinal imaging and can lead to the mislocalization of a CSF leak in individuals with intracranial hypotension.
There are numerous reports of fluid at this location that have been interpreted as the actual site ...
Article
Babygram
Babygram is a radiograph that captures the newborn's entire body, including limbs.
Some authors refer to chest and abdominal radiograph of the baby as "thoracoabdominal babygram" 4.
Indications
Babygram is done in post-mortem studies of the stillborn foetus or after the termination of pregnan...
Article
Intersublobar septum
The intersublobar septum is a commonly occurring thin strand of intrapulmonary loose connective tissue that typically connects inferior pulmonary vein branches to the pulmonary ligament and may extend inferiorly to the diaphragm. The septum is apparent in about 78% of CT scans 1.
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.