Articles
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2,950 results found
Article
Delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage (DIPH), or delayed ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage, is a rare and serious complication following successful and otherwise uncomplicated endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, usually with flow-diverter stents.
Terminology
Although delayed ipsil...
Article
Optic perineuritis
Optic perineuritis, also known as perioptic neuritis, refers to inflammation of the optic nerve sheath. Optic perineuritis may manifest on its own, or together with inflammation of adjacent ocular or orbital structures.
Epidemiology
Optic perineuritis is likely rare 1, but the exact incidence ...
Article
Anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia or absence
Anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia or absence (aplasia) is an uncommon anatomical variant involving the first portion (A1 segment) of the anterior cerebral artery. The artery may be underdeveloped, as in hypoplasia, or completely absent, as in aplasia.
Epidemiology
Anterior cerebral artery hy...
Article
Bottom of sulcus focal cortical dysplasia
Bottom of sulcus focal cortical dysplasia, or simply bottom of sulcus dysplasia, refers to a highly epileptogenic and localized focal cortical dysplasia that is anatomically restricted to, and maximal at, the bottom of a cortical sulcus.
Epidemiology
The true incidence is not known given botto...
Article
Hemiplegic migraine
Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon type of migraine with aura wherein patients present with usually reversible motor weakness, typically unilateral. They can be challenging to distinguish from seizure with Todd paresis or ischemic stroke, even with the benefit of MRI 1.
Epidemiology
Compared...
Article
Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomies are craniectomies performed to relieve raised intracranial pressure, most commonly in the setting of florid cerebral edema following cranial trauma or swelling following infarction 1.
History
Craniectomies for the treatment of cranial trauma date back to at least 10...
Article
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery is an intraoperative technique that takes advantage of tumor cells accumulating a fluorescent compound to make the location of the tumor more readily apparent. It is primarily used in the resection of high-grade gliomas (e.g. glioblastoma, grade 3 or 4 astrocyto...
Article
Temozolomide
Temozolomide is an oral chemotherapeutic drug primarily used in the treatment of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas, often in conjunction with radiotherapy (Stupp protocol).
Mechanism of action
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent. It adds a methyl group to the purine bases of D...
Article
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery describes an acute amnestic syndrome secondary to ischemic stroke affecting the subcallosal artery which leads to infarction of the bilateral fornices.
Epidemiology
The exact incidence of amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery is not known, but ...
Article
C1-C2 false localizing sign (spine)
C1-C2 false localizing sign, sometimes referred to merely as C1-C2 sign, is seen on spinal imaging and can lead to the mislocalization of a CSF leak in individuals with intracranial hypotension.
There are numerous reports of fluid at this location that have been interpreted as the actual site ...
Article
Cytokine release syndrome
Cytokine release syndrome refers to the overwhelming release of cytokines by T-cells or other immune effector cells in the absence of immunomodulation, which can result in severe systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction 4. Severe manifestation of cytokine release syndrome ...
Article
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a rare spectrum of disorders with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance 6. The syndrome incorporates all of 5:
Axenfeld anomaly: posterior embryotoxon and peripheral irido-corneal adhesions
Rieger anomaly: findings of Axenfeld anomaly along with corectopia (m...
Article
MR cisternography
MR cisternography is an MR imaging technique useful in evaluating abnormalities in subarachnoid cisterns 1,2. It is the intracranial equivalent to MR myelography and can similarly be non-contrast-enhanced or, less commonly, contrast-enhanced (off-label).
Clinical applications
MR cisternography...
Article
First-episode psychosis
First-episode psychosis refers to a clinical psychotic phenomenon occurring for the first time in an individual and can have a varied presentation with multiple risk and protective factors 2. Although the vast majority of individuals presenting with their first psychotic episode will not have an...
Article
Bracket sign (disambiguation)
A bracket sign has been named in multiple contexts:
bracket sign in CT brain of calcification in tubulonodular pericallosal lipoma
bracket sign in MRI brain of of the superior most extent of the pars marginalis of the cingulate sulcus
Article
Heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease
Heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease, also known as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy type 2 (CADASIL2), is a very rare monogenic cerebral small vessel disease.
Heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease ...
Article
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, also known as bilateral anterior opercular syndrome or anterior operculum syndrome, is a cortical form of pseudobulbar palsy classically caused by bilateral anterior opercular lesions.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is of pseudobulbar palsy that is...
Article
String of pearls sign (Susac syndrome)
The string of pearls sign is a radiological sign described in Susac syndrome.
The string of pearls sign is seen on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) whereby there are multiple punctate microinfarcts topographically located along the internal capsule 1-3. These are always accompanied by similar i...
Article
V sign (midbrain)
The V sign is a radiological sign described in ischemic stroke in the territory of the artery of Percheron when affecting the midbrain.
The V sign describes refers to the hyperintensity seen on axial FLAIR and DWI MRI along the pial surface of the midbrain that forms the posterior wall of the i...
Article
Heart sign (medulla)
The heart sign, also known as the AirPod sign, is a radiological sign described in bilateral medial medullary ischemic stroke. Bilateral medial medullary stroke is a very rare location for stroke and can occur due to disease of the basilar artery, vertebral arteries, or anterior spinal artery 1,...
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