Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,984 results found
Article
Bronchial triangle sign
The bronchial triangle sign is a CT feature that has been proposed to aid differentiation of a pulmonary hamartoma from a peripheral pulmonary carcinoid. It may be present in both, but is thought be more frequent in the latter (i.e. peripheral pulmonary carcinoids) and may seen as triangular-sha...
Article
Mastectomy
Mastectomy is a surgical treatment for breast cancer in which the entire breast tissue is removed through a surgical procedure as opposed to a wide local excision. Sometimes, adjacent structures, such as lymph nodes, are removed to prevent recurrence or metastasis. In some cases, mastectomy is d...
Article
Bronchomalacia
Bronchomalacia describes weak bronchial cartilage which allows excessive airway collapsibility, best demonstrated on dynamic CT in forced expiration 1. Importantly, substantial collapse can occur in normal healthy individuals and there is considerable overlap so that CT appearances alone are non...
Article
Bronchocele
The term bronchocele indicates focal bronchial dilatation and is often associated with mucoid impaction and impaired ventilation.
Pathology
Bronchoceles can be congenital (e.g. bronchial atresia) or acquired due to retained secretions or proximal obstruction (e.g. endobronchial tumor) 1.
Radi...
Article
Airspace
Airspace is defined by the Fleischner 2024 glossary as the gas-containing part of the lung parenchyma.
Summary
The term airspace refers to respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.
Terminal bronchioles and other airways that are only conductive are excluded.
Related pathology
Air...
Article
Mycetoma (lung)
A pulmonary mycetoma, also known as a fungus ball, is due to colonization of a pre-existing cavity by a fungus, usually a species of Aspergillus, in which case it is termed an aspergilloma 1.
Terminology
Pulmonary mycetoma is unrelated to soft-tissue mycetoma, also known as Madura foot. The la...
Article
Sheehan vessels
Sheehan vessels refer to vessels that arise from neovascularity that develops due to pulmonary hypertension, particularly, but not exclusively, in the context of Eisenmenger syndrome.
Pathology
The exact pathogenesis of Sheehan vessels has not been fully elucidated, but it is felt that neovasc...
Article
Flavoring-related lung disease
Flavoring-related lung disease is a potentially disabling and sometimes fatal lung disease of workers making or using flavourings. It is a form of inhalational lung disease and some also regard it as a form of pneumoconiosis.
Pathology
It is thought to be mostly triggered by volatile α-dicarbo...
Article
Rapidly progressive left ventricular myocardial calcification
Rapidly progressive left ventricular myocardial calcification is a rarely reported phenomenon of severe sepsis and renal failure usually occurring over weeks.
Pathology
The exact etiology is not well known although some attribute it to the release of cardio-suppressing mediators with calcium-p...
Article
Hanging chin sign
The hanging chin sign, also known as the chin-on-chest sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on plain chest radiographs in a geriatric (≥65 years of age) patient population.
The sign describes when, on a plain chest radiograph, the mandible projects over one or more ribs 1,2. This sign is cl...
Article
Beaded fissural appearance (CT)
A beaded fissural appearance is a an imaging feature (typically seen on CT) due to tiny nodular involvement of granulomatous changes in a perilymphatic pattern periperiherally along fissures 1. The feature is considered rather characteristic of thoracic sarcoidosis. It can often be also accompan...
Article
Manubriosternal dislocation
Manubriosternal dislocation (or sternomanubrial dislocation) represents a range of dislocation injuries of the sternomanubrial joint.
Terminology
Joint dislocations are named according to the distal component in relation to the proximal bone. Thus, as the manubrium is superior to the sternum a...
Article
Trastuzumab deruxtecan related interstitial lung disease
Trastuzumab deruxtecan related interstitial lung disease (T-Dxd ILD) is a form of drug induced lung disease which can rarely occur with the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd).
It can cause a fatal pneumonitis and therefore its recognition is important.
Radiographic features...
Article
Interlobar pneumothorax
Interlobar pneumothoraces are a rare pneumothorax subtype where air is restricted to the interlobar pleural space.
Pathology
Interlobar pneumothoraces are mostly due to the previous fibrous pleural adhesions from pleurodesis, pleural diseases, or rib fractures. Pleural adhesions prevent air fr...
Article
Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery
Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the aorta (AOPA) represents a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly. One pulmonary artery originates from the aorta and the other from the right ventricular outflow tract 1-3. It more often involves the right pulmonary artery than the left pulmonary...
Article
Exuberant honeycombing sign (usual interstitial pneumonia)
The exuberant honeycombing sign is an HRCT finding typically observed in the context of usual interstitial pneumonia. This sign is characterized by the presence of extensive honeycomb-like cyst formation within the lungs, comprising more than 70% of the fibrotic portions of the lungs. In other w...
Article
Anterior upper lobe sign (usual interstitial pneumonia)
The anterior upper lobe sign is an HRCT finding usually seen in the setting of usual interstitial pneumonia. It represents fibrosis primarily in the anterior aspect of both upper lobes, sparing the rest of the upper lobes while coexisting with concurrent involvement of the lung bases 1-3.
In th...
Article
Straight-edge sign (usual interstitial pneumonia)
Straight-edge sign is an HRCT finding usually seen in the setting of usual interstitial pneumonia. It represents fibrosis isolated to the lung bases characterized by a clear demarcation in the craniocaudal plane on coronal images without significant extension along the lateral margins of the lun...
Article
Esophageal-pleural stripe
Esophageal-pleural stripe is a soft tissue interface formed between the right wall of the esophagus and the medial wall of the right pleura, projecting from the level of clavicles downwards until the gastro-esophageal junction 1.
Although the esophageal-pleural stripe can be used in most patien...
Article
Fibrosing alveolitis
Fibrosing alveolitis is considered an older term (with majority of papers describing this being in the 90's) used to describe a group of conditions that cause inflammation and fibrosis of the alveoli as well as interstitium of the lungs.
Condition traditionally described in this group include
...
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