Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
4,271 results found
Article
Osteomyelitis pubis
Osteomyelitis pubis refers to infectious inflammation of the symphysis pubis.
Epidemiology
It may account for accounts for 2% of hematogenous osteomyelitis and accounts for less than 1% of all bone infections.
Pathology
It can occur either secondarily to hematogenous bacterial implantation o...
Article
Sagittal vertical axis
Sagittal vertical axis/alignment (SVA) is one of the simplest and most widely used methods to assess sagittal balance 1-3.
Measurement
This measurement is performed on lateral standing full-length spine x-rays. A plumb line is drawn vertically from the middle of the C7 vertebral body 1,2 or th...
Article
Spinopelvic balance
Spinopelvic balance is an important concept in adult spinal deformities. There are numerous ways of assessing spinopelvic balance, using various bony landmarks and angles to evaluate whether or not a normal distribution of weight and stresses is present through the axial skeleton, some incorpora...
Article
Knee arthroplasty (overview)
Knee arthroplasty is a common joint replacement procedure employed in the management of various pathologic conditions of the knee joint, most commonly osteoarthritis. Less common indications include inflammatory arthritis and following trauma 1.
Multiple types of knee arthroplasty have been dev...
Article
Styloid (disambiguation)
Styloid is an anatomic term that refers to a thin, slender and pointed bony structure resembling a stylus or pen. Apart from the classic styloid process of the temporal bone, elsewhere the bony process is often just pointed and not very slender or long at all.
Styloid processes are described in...
Article
Glenoid (disambiguation)
Glenoid is an anatomic term that refers to a bony structure with a smooth shallow depression forming a socket as part of a joint.
Glenoids are described in the:
scapula contributing to the glenohumeral joint
temporal bone contributing to the temporomandibular joint (often termed the mandibula...
Article
Osteoma cutis
Osteoma cutis, or cutaneous ossification, is the formation of bone within the skin.
Clinical presentation
Primary osteoma cutis is an idiopathic, benign, non-invasive condition that is usually asymptomatic 1. It is often detected incidentally radiographically, most commonly in facial and scalp...
Article
Transthyretin amyloidosis
Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a form of systemic amyloidosis characterized by the misfolding, aggregation and deposition of transthyretin-related (TTR) protein in various organs 1-6. This can occur in the following two forms namely in the setting of a genetically normal transthyretin-relat...
Article
Anatomic classification of congenital limb deficiencies
The anatomic classification of congenital limb deficiencies is used to classify limb deficiencies.
The anatomic classification is proposed to systematically classify all congenital limb reduction defects and avoid terminology that can be considered imprecise or derogatory 1.
This system is cur...
Article
Limb deficiency
Limb deficiencies or limb reduction defects are a spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by the absence or severe hypoplasia of a limb or part of a limb 1,2.
Terminology
Currently (c. 2024) the preferred terminology for limb deficiencies is based on the anatomic classification. Te...
Article
Notch of Harty
The notch of Harty or the anteromedial tibial notch is a pseudodefect and an anatomic variant of the ankle joint 1-4.
Gross anatomy
The notch of Harty is a groove located in the anteromedial region of the tibial plafond. Based on a previous anatomical study, this defect measures 5-10 mm in med...
Article
Double patellar tendon
A double patellar tendon is an extremely rare anomaly, thought to be related to the embryological development of the patella and patellar tendon. It may appear as a crossed or uncrossed-doubled tendon on imaging 1-4.
Epidemiology
Double patellar tendon appears to be a rare anomaly with only a...
Article
EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound scoring system for synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
The EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound scoring system for synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a standardized method for assessing synovial inflammation using ultrasound imaging. This scoring system was developed collaboratively by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Outcome Measu...
Article
Patellar height (overview)
Patella height is an important anatomical variation measured as the height of the patella compared to the knee joint line. A patella that sits too high is known as patella alta, and a patella that sits too low is known as patella baja.
The patella plays an important role in human ambulation, k...
Article
Mumford procedure
The Mumford procedure is the distal resection of the clavicle to relieve pain of a damaged acromioclavicular joint.
Indications
osteoarthritis (1) (3)
post-traumatic osteoarthritis, e.g. after distal clavicle fracture, ACJ injury
distal clavicle osteolysis (6)
acromial spurs
Procedure
The...
Article
Patellophyseal index
The patellophyseal (PP) index is an alternative technique to measure the patellar height on both x-ray and MRI as the physeal line can be seen on both imaging modalities 1.
Usage
The PP index is a variation on the patellotrochlear index that can be used on radiographs. It is an indirect measur...
Article
Pediatric calcific discopathy
Pediatric idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification is a rare condition affecting intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebral bodies, and musculo-ligamentous structures, typically resulting in local pain or sensorimotor disturbances. First described by Baron in 1924 1, the underlying etiology is...
Article
Patellofemoral arthroplasty
Patellofemoral arthroplasties (PFA) are orthopedic procedures where the patella and femoral trochlear articular surface are replaced by prostheses 1. This differs from unicompartmental knee arthroplasties, which replace the medial or lateral articular surface of the knee 1. Globally, PFAs make u...
Article
Sternoclavicular joint (ultrasound)
Ultrasound of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint can have a role along with CT and MRI in the assessment of related pathology and for intra-articular injection.
Indications
sternoclavicular joint arthropathy
post-trauma, e.g. suspected sternoclavicular joint dislocation
Normal ultrasound anatom...
Article
Greater occipital nerve block (ultrasound-guided)
A greater occipital nerve block is a diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure in which the medial, sensory branch from the second cervical spinal nerve is targeted with local anesthesia.
Indications
occipital neuralgia
migraine
post-dural puncture headache
cluster headache
Contraindicatio...
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