Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
4,269 results found
Article
Investigation of hip injury (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Hip injury is an important, but relatively uncommon reason to present to emergency services. As with other traumatic presentations, age distribution is bimodal with high-energy trauma in the younger population and potential...
Article
Investigation of ankle injury (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Ankle injury is a ubiquitous problem seen commonly in all minor injuries units and Emergency departments. Presentation may be the result of a relatively minor trip, or following a more significant traumatic precipitant.
As...
Article
Tumors of the chest wall
Tumors of the chest wall are varied, some of which are found most often in this region. They can be divided into benign and malignant tumors and into those which arise in the ribcage and those of soft tissue density.
Benign
Benign tumors include 1,3,4:
soft tissue
hemangioma: common
lymphan...
Article
Ball and socket joint
Ball and socket joints are a type of synovial joint where the spheroid articular surface of one bone sits within a cup-like depression of another bone.
Movements
The ball and socket configuration allows for movement with 3 degrees of freedom, which is more than any other type of synovial joint...
Article
Sural neuropathy
Sural neuropathy, also known as sural nerve entrapment, can be the result of nerve compression or traction injury of the sural nerve. This nerve is a purely sensory branch, usually formed by a confluence of branches from the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve that supplies the lateral aspect...
Article
Hinge joint
Hinge joints are a type of synovial joint that permit movement in one direction like the hinge on a door. Usually this is achieved by a concave surface articulating with a corresponding convex surface.
Movements
Hinge joints allow for movement in a single translational plane only. This one d...
Article
Saddle joint
Saddle joints are a type of synovial joint that allow articulation by reciprocal reception. Both bones have concave-convex articular surfaces which interlock like two saddles opposed to one another.
Movements
Saddle joints allow movement with two degrees of freedom much like condyloid joints...
Article
Plane joint
Plane joints, also known as gliding joints, are a type of synovial joint between flat or near-flat articular surfaces.
Movements
Under normal conditions plane joints only permit sliding movement in the same plane as the articular surfaces, and do not allow movement in any other plane. The de...
Article
Condyloid joint
Condyloid joints are a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone.
Movements
Condyloid joints allow movement with two degrees of freedom much like saddle joints. They allow flexion/extension, ab...
Article
Pivot joint
Pivot joints, also known as rotary joints, are a type of synovial joint that permit axial rotation. The moving bone rotates within a ring formed by the concave surface of a second bone and an adjoining ligament.
Movements
Pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis only and therefore me...
Article
Syndesmosis
Syndesmoses (singular: syndesmosis) are a type of fibrous joint where strong collagen rich connective tissue holds two portions of bone together allowing very little movement. They consist of an interosseous membrane and ligamentous thickenings.
Examples
distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
radiou...
Article
Kyphomelic dysplasias
Kyphomelic dysplasias (also known as "pseudocampomelia") is thought to be a heterogeneous class of "bent bone" skeletal dysplasias. Entities included in a differential for the class are:
congenital bowing of the long bones
cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH; metaphyseal dysplasia, McKusick type)
...
Article
Pirogoff amputation
The Pirogoff amputation is a surgical procedure where the forefoot and talus are removed and calcaneotibial arthrodesis is performed. It is usually performed for advanced diabetic or atherosclerotic disease causing gangrene or infection, but may also be indicated in trauma, malignancy, osteomyel...
Article
Pediatric hand (lateral view)
The lateral hand view for pediatrics is an orthogonal view taken along with the PA view of the hand. The lateral view is used to primarily assess for foreign bodies and/or displacement of fractures/dislocations.
Indications
This view is useful in assessing suspected dislocations, fractures or ...
Article
Wrist radiograph (approach)
Wrist x-rays are commonly used for the assessment of the wrist following trauma. This is usually a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Systematic review
It is useful to have a systematic approach; I tend to start proximally and work distally looking at structures on both views together:
distal ra...
Article
Glenoid labral tear
Glenoid labral tears are the injuries of the glenoid labrum and a possible cause of shoulder pain.
Clinical presentation
Patients with labral tears may present with a wide range of symptoms (depends on the injury type), which are often non-specific:
pain or discomfort (usually a precise point...
Article
Tibiotalar slant
Tibiotalar slant is the superolateral inclination of the tibial plafond, and results in an ankle valgus deformity. There are a number of causes 1:
trauma, i.e. distal tibial fractures
osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
haemophilic arthropathy
sickle cell dis...
Article
Conventional chondrosarcoma
Conventional chondrosarcomas are locally aggressive and malignant cartilagineous or chondrogenic neoplasms and are the most common form of chondrosarcoma 1. Conventional chondrosarcomas can be primary or secondary and are traditionally categorized according to their location within the bone into...
Article
Enchondroma vs low grade chondrosarcoma
Distinguishing between enchondromas and low-grade conventional chondrosarcomas is a frequent difficulty as the lesions are both histologically and radiographically very similar.
It is important to remember, though, that differentiating between them may be a moot point since both can either be c...
Article
Pudendal canal
Pudendal canal, also known as Alcock canal, is a sheath derived from the fascia of the obturator internus muscle and is found in the lower lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa.
Gross anatomy
The pudendal canal lies on the medial surface of the obturator internus muscle and the medial aspect ...
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